ࡱ>    q`ybjbjqPqP7::d %2222222F8TF>(f"      $hh-2^^^-22όόό^22ό^όό22ό2 Ϗ^@-όЍ0όыό2ό8B$xόB3 >--wX^^^^FFFFFFFFF222222  !!!  / .  # / # !!!  " !"  K#,T#RA   !" 0B5@80;K 8 8AA;54>20=8O 740B5;LAB2> 0C:0   " #  !  !""#" !"/ .  # !!!  / C;LBC@=K9 >17>@ A5<=04F0B>3> AB>;5B8O ;02=0O @540:F8O 2>AB>G=>9 ;8B5@0BC@K >A:20 1988 .  43 63.3(5/) RENAISSANCE IN JAPAN A Cultural Survey of the Seventeenth Century by Kenneth P. Kirkwood with a Foreword by Arnold J. Toynbee. Rutland (USA) and Tokyo, 1971 540:F8>==0O :>;;538O A. . >;4K@52, . !. @038=A:89, . . ;CA:8=0, . . @595@, . . LO:>=>2,\. . >=>=>2], . . 8B<0=,\. . C:>=8=\, .. . 5B@>AO= (?@54A540B5;L), . . 8>B@>2A:89, . . !>;=F52, I . . $8H<0= | (>B25BAB25==K9 A5:@5B0@L), . . '5;KH52 5@52>4 A 0=3;89A:>3> A. . 010=>20 B25BAB25==K9 @540:B>@, 02B>@ ?@548A;>28O B. . >@53;O4 8@:2C4 . .  43 5=5AA0=A 2 /?>=88. C;LBC@=K9 >17>@ A5<=04F0B>3> AB>;5B8O. ., ;02=0O @540:F8O 2>AB>G=>9 ;8B5@0BC@K 8740B5;LAB20 0C:0, 1988. 303 A. 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A5340 5ABL A<KA; >3;O=CBLAO: GB> 8=B5@5A>20;> =0A 2 8AB>@88 G5;>25G5AB20 =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O =0704 8 GB> 8=B5@5AC5B B5?5@L. 0 ?@>BO65=88 ;8HL ?8AL<5==>9 55 8AB>@88 =5A:>;L:> @07 <5=O;8AL ACI=>AB=K5 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 O?>=A:>9 :C;LBC@K. 5@5<5=K >?@545;O;8AL B> 22545=85< 1C4487<0  =0 @0==5< MB0?5 @0728B8O 3>AC40@AB25==>AB8 (VII VIII 22.), B> 2KE>4>< =0 8AB>@8G5A:CN 0@5=C A0<C@09A:>3> A>A;>28O A 53> A0<>1KB=K<8 B@048F8O<8  =0 @C1565 @0==53> 8 @0728B>3> A@54=525:>2LO (XI XII 22.), B> ?5@5E>4>< /?>=88 =0 @5;LAK :0?8B0;8AB8G5A:>3> @0728B8O 8 =0G0;>< H8@>:8E 55 :>=B0:B>2 A 70?04=K<8 AB@0=0<8 (2B>@0O ?>;>28=0 XIX 2.)... !B>;5B85, ?@>H54H55 >B A5@548=K XVI 2., B0:65 >?@545;ONB :0: >48= 87 ?>2>@>B=KE MB0?>2 2 8AB>@88 O?>=A:>9 :C;LBC@K '. >7=8:=>25=85 G09=>9 F5@5<>=88 (BO-=> N), 8A:CAAB20 8:510=0, 1>@L1K AC<> 8 47N4>, B50B@0 01C:8, ?>M788 E09:C, ACE8E A04>2 (45:>@0B82=K5 A04K 87 :0<=59 8 ?5A:0) 8 <=>38E 4@C38E M;5<5=B>2, 157 :>B>@KE A59G0A B@C4=> ?@54AB028BL B@048F8>==CN :C;LBC@C /?>=88, 40B8@C5BAO A 1>;LH>9 B>G=>ABLN 8 >B=>A8BAO : @07=K< 8AB>@8G5A:8< M?>E0<. @5<O ?@8<8@8;>, >1;03>@>48;> 8 ?><5AB8;> 2 >1ICN :>?8;:C :C;LBC@=>3> =0A;548O O2;5=8O, @>482H85AO 2 @07=>5 2@5<O, 2 @07=>9 A>F80;L=>9 A@545. >2>5 @>6405BAO 87 AB0@>3> 8 2 ?>;5<8:5 A =8<. > 2708<>?@>=8:=>25=88 8 ?@55<AB25==>AB8 A>AB02;ONI8E  3;02=0O >A>15==>ABL :C;LBC@=>-8AB>@8G5A:>3> ?@>F5AA0: ?>;5<8:0 745AL ?>4@07C<5205B >4=>?;0=>2>ABL, 81> 2545BAO =0 >4=>< <0B5@80;5, 2 >4=>B8?=KE ?>=OB89=KE :0B53>@8OE. /?>=A:0O 8AB>@8O C1548B5;L=> ?>4B25@6405B MB>. =0 65 ?>:07K205B, :0: 604=> CA20820;8AL O?>=F0<8 2> 2A5 2@5<5=0 4>AB865=8O :C;LBC@K 4@C38E =0@>4>2  :8B09F52, 8=489F52, 0=3;8G0=, @CAA:8E,  GB>1K A B5G5=85< 2@5<5=8, B@0=AD>@<8@>202H8AL ?>4 2;8O=85< <5AB=>9 B@048F88, 2>9B8 2 =55 =5>BJ5<;5<>9 G0ABLN. "0:, :>=DCF80=A:85 =>@<K 2>H;8 2 845>;>38N O?>=A:>3> 2>5==>-D5>40;L=>3> M?>A0 3C=:8 8 ?>A;C68;8 D>@<8@>20=8N >?@545;ONI8E 0A?5:B>2 A0<C@09A:>3> MB8:>-<>@0;L=>3> :>45:A0 1CA84>; 1C4489A:85 ?@54AB02;5=8O > =5?>AB>O=AB25 ACI53> 8 > 548=AB25 G5;>25:0 8 ?@8@>4K ;53;8 2 >A=>2C 4@52=5O?>=A:>9 MAB5B8G5A:>9 :>=F5?F88 ?5G0;L=>3> >G0@>20=8O 25I59 8 A@54=525:>2>9 B@048F88 ACE8E A04>2; ?@8=F8?K ?5@540G8 A25B>B5=8, >B:@KBK5 52@>?59A:8<8 EC4>6=8:0<8, 8A?>;L7>20;8AL 0FCA8:0 %>:CA05< (1760 1849), 284=59H8< ?@54AB028B5;5< H:>;K 682>?8A8 C:8Q-M, H:>;K 3;C1>:> =0F8>=0;L=>9 ?> D>@<5 8 AN65B0<. ABL <=>65AB2> ?@8<5@>2 ?;>4>B2>@=>3> 2;8O=8O 70?04=>9 :C;LBC@K =0 A>1AB25==> O?>=A:CN A> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=K XIX 2.  =0H8 4=8 2 A5@L57=KE A>F8>;>38G5A:8E 8AA;54>20=8OE 8 =0 AB@0=8F0E ?>?C;O@=KE 6C@=0;>2 =5@54:> <>6=> 2AB@5B8BL CB25@645=8O O?>=F52 > B><, GB> >4=>9 87 ?@5>1;040NI8E G5@B O?>=A:>3> E0@0:B5@0 O2;O5BAO A;5?>5 ?>4@060=85, =5A0<>AB>OB5;L=>ABL 2 ?@8=OB88 @5H5=892. 0 MB> <>6=> 2>7@078BL, >4=0:>, GB> O?>=A:0O :C;LBC@0 :0: 1 0B> !N8B8. 8E>= 1C=30:C A8 47QAMFC (2545=85 2 8AB>@8N O?>=A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K). ". 2. ">:8>, A. 5 46. 2 8O38 B>O. <M@8:0478=-B> =8E>=478= (<5@8:0=FK 8 O?>=FK). ">:8>, 1976, A. 201 202; Kiyoyuki Higuchi. Are the Japanese Blind Imitators?  PHP, Jan. 1976, vol. 7, ! 1, c. 52 63. 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Did Political Rationalism Develop along Parallel Lines in Premodern Japan and in the Premodern West?  Prolegomena to a Comparative Study.  The Journal of Inter-cultural Studies. 1976, ! 3, A. 1. 9 0B> !N8B8. 8E>= 1C=30:C A8 47QAMFC (2545=85 2 8AB>@8N O?>=A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K). ". 2, A. 51. PAGE10 =0?@02;5=85 :0=30:C (:8B09A:85 =0C:8), 45;82H55AO =0 =5A:>;L:> A0<>AB>OB5;L=KE H:>;.  G8A;5 =081>;55 02B>@8B5B=KE =5>@B>4>:A0;L=KE H:>; O?>=A:>3> :>=DCF80=AB20 1K;0 :>30:CE0 ((:>;0 4@52=59 =0C:8), ?@54AB028B5;8 :>B>@>9 =0AB0820;8 =0 =5>1E>48<>AB8 BI0B5;L=>3> D8;>;>38G5A:>3> 0=0;870 ?0<OB=8:>2 :>=DCF80=A:>9 :;0AA8:8. 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"8:0<0FC >=470M<>= 8 53> B50B@.  >=470-M<>= "8:0<0FC. @0<K. ., 1963, A. 21. @><5 MB>3> A1>@=8:0 8740B5;LAB2>< A:CAAB2> 2K?CI5= 5I5 >48=: "8:0<0FC >=470M<>=. @0<0B8G5A:85 ?>M<K. ., 1968. 15 >4@>1=> >A=>2=K5 ?>;>65=8O MAB5B8:8 0FC> 0A5 8 A@54AB20 EC4>65AB25==>9 2K@078B5;L=>AB8 2 53> ?>M788 (0AA>F80B82=K9 ?>4B5:AB, A8AB5<0 >1@07>2, ?>MB8G5A:85 ?@85<K 8 4@.) ?@>0=0;878@>20=K 2 :=835 ". . @5A;025F >M78O 0FC> 0A5 (., 1981). 3> AB8E8 2 @CAA:>< ?5@52>45 A<. 2 A1>@=8:5: 0A5. 8@8:0 (., 1964). \ PAGE15 2 E09:C ?@8=F8?0 =54>A:070==>AB8: 02B>@ <8=8<0;L=K<8 O7K:>2K<8 A@54AB20<8 2K45;O5B E0@0:B5@=CN G5@BC, 4020O =0?@02;5==K9 8<?C;LA 2>>1@065=8N G8B0B5;O, ?@54>AB02;OO 5<C 2>7<>6=>ABL =0A;0640BLAO 8 <C7K:>9 AB8E0, 8 =5>6840==K< A>G5B0=85< >1@07>2, 8 A0<>AB>OB5;L=>ABLN <3=>25==>3> ?@>=8:=>25=8O 2 ACBL ?@54<5B0 (A0B>@8).  <8@>2>9 ?>M788 0FC> 0A5 >1KG=> =5 A@02=820NB =8 A >4=8< 87 ?>MB>2. 5;> 745AL 70:;NG05BAO 8 2 A2>5>1@0788 60=@0, 8 2 @>;8 ?>M788 2 :C;LBC@5 8 1KBC O?>=F52, 8 2 A?5F8D8:5 B2>@G5AB20 A0<>3> 0AQ. =0;>388 A 52@>?59A:8<8 ?>MB0<8-A8<2>;8AB0<8 :0A0NBAO >1KG=> >4=>9 G5@BK 53> B2>@G5AB20  C<5=8O >1>1I8BL >1@07, A>?>AB02;OO =5A>?>AB028<>5. $0:B C 0AQ ?@52@0I05BAO 2 A8<2>;, => 2 A8<2>;8:5 ?>MB 45<>=AB@8@C5B 2KA>G09H89 @50;87<.  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K 2K=C645=K =5 A>3;0A8BLAO A =5:>B>@K<8 2K2>40<8 AB>;L 1>;LH>3> 02B>@8B5B0, :0: 6. !M=A><. >6=> ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> !M=A>< 2 >A=>2=>< 8<55B 2 284C >7@>645=85 2 >1;0AB8 >1@07>20=8O, 87KA:0=89 8 =0C:8, 2 G5< 70 ?5@8>4 87>;OF88 /?>=8O 7=0G8B5;L=> >BAB0;0 >B 0?040, =0H5 65 8AA;54>20=85 :0A05BAO 3;02=K< >1@07>< 5=5AA0=A0 2 ;8B5@0BC@5 8 8A:CAAB25, 345, =5A><=5==>, /?>=8O 4>AB83;0 1>;LH8E CA?5E>2. PAGE297 >;55 B>3>, !M=A>< AG8B05B, GB> 42865=85 5=5AA0=A0 @0A?@>AB@0=8;>AL =0 2AN 2@>?C 8, A;54>20B5;L=>, ?>2;8O;> =0 2AN 70?04=CN :C;LBC@C, B. 5. 1K;> <8@>2K< 42865=85< G5;>25G5AB20. &5;L 65 =0H53> 8AA;54>20=8O 1>;55 >3@0=8G5==0 8 70B@038205B B>;L:> :>=:@5B=K5 =0F8>=0;L=K5 ?@>F5AAK. #G8BK20O MB8 >3@0=8G5=8O, <K CB25@6405<, GB> :C;LBC@=K9 ?@>F5AA 2 /?>=88 2> <=>3>< A8;L=> =0?><8=05B B5=45=F88 :C;LBC@=>3> @0728B8O 2@>?K, B>;L:> B0< >=8 1K;8 35>3@0D8G5A:8 1>;55 H8@>:8<8 8 1>;55 3;C1>:8<8. 15  A515 A0<>9 (;0B.). &" / " "#  1. Adler . J. Art and Prudence. N. Y., 1937. 2. Aston W. G. 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