The note-book of a passer-by
By Yury Kheyfets
2015
Prologue:

This book consists of five parts which are not related to one another and written from 2003 through 2015. Therefore, the few fragments , may be related to the same subject.
Index
Part I         The Miracles Around Us….….……………………………..Page 3
Part II       The Riddles of the Universe……………………………….Page 8
Part III       About   Russia ……………………………………..          Page 25
Part IV        Some history lessons ……………………………………. Page 41
Part V      Miscellaneous ……………………………………………...Page 49
      Epilogue …………………………………………………….Page 57
Part I
 THE MIRACLES AROUND US
1. The surprising phenomena occur near us, and we in a vanity of the daily affairs do not think about their existence. Millions various animals forms adjoin to us on a small planet. Thousands of these animals are our smaller brothers as Russian poet Yesenin called it. We got used to these animals and think that all their behavior is caused by innate instincts. But often their behavior shows such ingenuity and refinement that this hardly can be  explained from the point of view of the Darvin’s theory of evolution. Here some examples from the book of John Downer “Weird nature.”
  A fish splash tetra has the odd habit of laying its eggs out of the water. In a movement too fast for the human eye to see, the female cues the male by nudging him with her head. Then they rocked from the water in perfect unison, so close together, that the female and male appears to be a single fish. Their landing is almost as miraculous, because they stick to vertical leaves. In an instant the female lays an egg, the male fertilizes it, and they  tumble back into the water. The synchronized leaping continues until all the female eggs have been laid on many different leaves. But the father’s work has only just begun. The eggs need to be constantly wet, so he remains continually occupied until the hatch, splashing them with well-aimed flicks  of his tail.

The reason for such labor-intensive child care is that the eggs are protected from underwater predators.

In some area in Greece tortoises make up more than 90% of golden eagle’s diet .To break into the shells, golden eagles pluck tortoises from the ground, carry them into the air, and drop them onto rocky ground .Egyptian vultures use the same strategy with ostrich eggs. Necessity has forced these birds to adapt their behavior in a way that reminds us off ourselves.

Some animals hypnotize a prey.

An ermine fascinates the production by performance of strange ritual outside a rabbit warren. It jumps in air until it has gathered a fascinated audience of rabbits, who seem bewitched by the show rather than being frightened. As the stoat, writhes and twirls, it closer to its unwilling prey. Then, without warning, it ends its show and dispatches a member of the audience with a bite to the neck. Whether the kill is premeditated or merely an accidental outcome of play is debatable, but most people, who seen the performance interpret the hypnotism as deliberate and deadly ploy.

Sometimes, the way to avoid being eaten is to take on appearance of more dangerous animal. The caterpillar of a Costa Rican moth has a false face that makes it look like a tiny viper. Many animals possess false eyes which either intimidate a predator so that it "thinks" it is facing dangerous creation. When the birdie attacks a butterfly, the last suddenly moves in the direction opposite to expected, forcing attacking to seize air.
    It is possible to give a set of other not less surprising examples of behavior of animals. Often even it seems that animals possess some ability to think, and able to make the conscious decision. Short of intelligent animals as dogs and dolphins, perhaps, model behavior of animals is defined by congenital instincts. And what is such instinct? It is the behavior program in various situations, the program, promoted a survival of species and their reproduction. This program changes from generation to generation. And here I consider, the process explained by the great evolutionary theory of Darwin is being realized. The essence of this theory is simple. The cells of all live on Earth include the genetic material consisting of a chain of molecules, representing double spiral of the atoms forming a certain sequence. If configuration of atoms in a double spiral changes in any way that changes as a genetic code and the DNA is not reproduced correctly. But due to changes in DNA, the descendant of an animal differs from the parent, it called a mutant. The DNA exposed to the most serious threat and can change itself through many ways, but most dangerous is the space radiation representing a stream of particles of high energy, getting to Earth from the space.
The mutants get certain physical signs and behavior instincts. These again acquired signs can be pernicious for a survival of an animal, however sometimes these signs happen also useful, helping to survive in fight for existence. For instance, once all bears on Earth were brown color.  From the beginning of ice age and approach of a snow cover, it became more difficult to bears find prey because their appreciable color on snow frightened an animal. Suddenly casually, the mutant with light wool was born.

It got advantage before brown colleagues in hunting. It survived better and had more chances to leave posterity. Among its posterity in future generation there was absolutely white polar bear. This way the bear got also big advantage in hunting, and its chances by a survival in severe conditions of snow sharply increased. Thus, through many generations of bears the new version - white bear was created who have been well adapted for life in polar climate. This way an evolutionary theory of Darwin works. Sometimes a man accelerates nature work, carrying out selection of an animal in the necessary direction for itself , that is, allocating and making multiple copies those individuals of animals who possess desirable signs for the human.
The person began to tame dogs, about, 15000 years ago in the territory of present China. From one dog generation in another the most useful traits were selected and developed in friendly to the human puppies. Gradually there were many dog breeds, defining different functions useful to the people. Also the loyal and friendly to the human being dog was brought up. At intervention of the humans in the process of selection occurs quicker and need of a survival in the conditions of the wild nature for these animal disappears.
     It is interesting to analyze, whether evolutionary process works or not in human society. I would like to answer this question positively, though in the

time of my school years we were  inspired that the Darwin’s theory is related only to animal world. Nevertheless, the history of Jews disproves this conclusion. Being expelled from their homeland 2000 years ago, Jews carried away with themselves the spiritual culture based on the Torah. It allowed them to remain in dispersion and not to be assimilated among other people. But, besides spiritual, the physical survival was required, that is it was necessary to find ways to earn money, to raise families, to train children in the conditions of a hostile environment. And here, as an example of physical survival ,Jews gained good education and knowledge which helped them to survive in any country where they settling. It would be distinguished intellect, cunning, resourcefulness, business oriented characters.
The people possessing these traits most, received the best possibility for a survival and posterity education. It was difficult to establish a family and transfer the qualities to descendants. But when the liberation of Jewries from restrictions took place, many qualities needed for a survival provided intellectual take-off of the Jewish thoughts in philosophy, economy, medicine and other sciences. This question demands the special analysis therefore I only briefly mentioned the main idea.
2. It is necessary to be surprised how scientists sometimes open long ago the forgotten truth. The science came to the conclusion that on the genetic

structure of a female egg not only the father of the child influenced  but in the some degrees the first female man, even if from him there were no children and the relation with him long ago were broken. Therefore old popular belief about the need for a girl to keep virginity till a marriage have the sense, because the man aspires to transfer his own, genetic signs to posterity. Probably, this way speaks the subconscious preference given by men to virgins.
 Scientists in the 20th century tried to interbreed a horse and a zebra, as close types. It was not possible to get a posterities from these attempts. However, if after that a mare was interbreed with a thoroughbred horse, striped foals were born. Dog breeders knew it long ago. If the thoroughbred bitch to tie with a mongrel, the bitch is spoiled even if no puppies is born from interbreeding. But dog breeders are simple people, they do not write articles to scientific magazines and their knowledge do not reach wide audience.
3. My employee at the Design institute and to some extent, the friend, Volodya Vasilyev told me (probably, according to his parents words) such history. During Stalin repressions of the end of the thirtieth his father

lived in exile with a family in a small town of Kazakhstan. Volodya was four years old.  They lived in the small room which was rented from a local.

All house, including their room, teemed with bed-bugs. They were biting the child merciless. Then his father greased the bed’s support with kerosene and set the bed with child in the middle of room. And once again he carefully greased the bed’s legs with kerosene. The bed- bugs could not endure kerosene, and nevertheless, the child remained bitten. How this was occurred?
Bed-bugs got on a ceiling directly over the bed, and directly from there they fell down, in a bed! How did they find this road to food and how they managed to fall from a ceiling in the right place? The phenomenon of these creatures still waits for a scientific explanation.

4. The Dolphin Institute in Honolulu, Hawaii has been conducting research in marine mammal behavior for the past 30 years. They have greatly advanced our knowledge of dolphin behavior and intelligence through their work. The following is a summary of the findings from a number of their research projects:

Dolphins, like humans, are capable of behavioral mimicry. In other words, they can imitate behaviors demonstrated by their human trainers. If a human raises his leg, the dolphin can recognize the relationship the human body part has to its own anatomy and will raise its tail. This indicates the animal can associate a part of its anatomy with the human form.

It can also mimic another dolphin. This is demonstrated by the performance of synchronous behaviors. If one dolphin is about to perform a bow (jump) another animal can copy this behavior and jump at the same time with this animal. One dolphin is said to act as a "demonstrator", while the other animal is the "imitator" of such behaviors. (See the "Jumping - Bows" section of this web site for a video illustrating synchronous behavior in dolphins.)

Dolphins are also able to interpret televised behaviors and to respond to gestures shown on the screen upon being exposed to television for the first time. This is the first demonstration in any animal species (other than the human) of behavioral response to televised gestures. Dogs, cats and chimpanzees have not shown such responses in similar research protocols. This research has changed the way in which we have in the past classified dolphins primarily as acoustic specialists. We now realize they are visual specialists as well, using both sight and sound to succeed in their aquatic environment.

Dolphins have been shown to recognize themselves in a mirror, using what is called "contingency testing", or making movements while examining themselves for this movement. This finding is unexpected as dolphins primarily experience the world through sound and their echolocation system would not function in a 2-dimensional (mirror) reflection.

The surprising behavior of dolphins is shown in the video.

https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/pRFq7K4vCSk?rel=0

It is obvious the intellect of these animals.
Part II
THE  RIDDLES of THE UNIVERSE
1. The Judaism argues that the dead should be revived after the Messiah’s coming. And this process, allegedly, will begin with a cemetery near Jerusalem, where any burial costs huge money. It always seemed to me as absurdity, beyond normal mind. However, the latest physics enters this statement into limits of the normal thinking, however in my view, with important share of imagination.
 The vast majority of scientists-physicists agree that the Universe arose 14-16 billion years ago as a result of the Big Bang. At the moment of the Big Bang arose both Time and Space. To ask what existed before the Big Bang is senseless, because time did not exist. As a result of the Big Bang the matter was pressed to incalculable density and started to extend in the Universe. And now we live in the extending Universe. This expansion, being originally turbulent, gradually became smooth and isotropic. Also there is an expansion delay owing to gravitation, especially in view of a congestion of substance of huge density, so called, black holes invisible to our eye. They are invisible because of the huge forces of gravitation which are not letting get out even rays of light from these areas. What expects the Universe at the end of the expansion process?
Some scientists believe that through billions of years Universe expansion

will finally  stops, and under the influence of gravitation return process will begin, which means  that the Universe will start to be compressed to an initial condition at the moment of Big Bang. And it means that the arrow of Time will begin to flow in the opposite direction. The universe will return to conditions which existed before Big Bang. My talented friend Kirill Chemena confirmed that there is in the Universe an information or mental field, in which all past, the present and the future is fixed. He considered that destiny of any person is to enrich this mental field. I also think that mysterious and inexplicable predictions of the future received in condition of a hypnotic dream or recipes of treatment of various diseases confirm the ability of some people to be connected to a mental field, extracting information. (I do not mention names of these people, for it requires  special article).

It is proven by scientists that  the Universe expands with increasing rate,but  progressively decelerates as a result of gravitational restraint.

At some time in the distant future this expansion  will be stopped and universe will collapse in a big crunch . After this event the arrow of time will run backwards .

So, Time flows in the opposite direction. At some instant the disappeared Earth will begin to revive with her last inhabitants.

All future and last events in relation to us will begin to flow upside-down. And here the dead will start to revive. At least, this fairy tale can be transformed in such process into reality.
The popular Odessa song:*Dear mummy, give the reverse birth to me, please. 
 Process of compression of the Universe will proceed also billions years and will bring the Universe into a condition in which the Universe was during the moment of Big Bang. And what will be farther? Probably, again Big Bang. But the most sophisticated imagination does not risk to investigate this prospect.
2. The Sun receives energy from the process of nuclear synthesis.

Within every second about 700 billions tons of hydrogen turn into 695 million tons of helium. Remaining 5 million tons turn into energy which is radiated from the Sun in all directions. Earth receives only an insignificant part of this energy - less than one billionth of all radiated solar energy. But it is a tiny part of all solar energy is a life source on Earth because it warms Earth and changes weather. Quantity of the solar energy reaching Earth in

one minute, equals to all electric power generated on Earth for the whole year. But the Sun is not eternal. Through some billions years it will go out, and Earth will be turned into a breathless frozen space corpse. To us no reason to worry about it because I am sure that the mankind will not live to this event.
Moreover, after death of our civilization (and it will occur from collision of Earth with a space body or from nuclear war between Civilizations on the Earth) new civilizations on Earth will arise, but through billions  years they too, in turn, will disappear. It is not excluded that some representatives of ours or future civilizations will manage to adapt to life on other planets of the Universe shined by other Sun. But these people will be worse representatives of civilizations in our present understanding because, they will be ruthless dictators, adventurers or the pirates who have sacrificed

people of Earth for implementation of plans of their rescue.
3. Mathematics - a great science which, probably, opens thoughts of God.

Sometimes the formal mathematical equations indicate to scientists

the direction in which it is necessary to look for truth. In bases of the general theory of a relativity Albert Einstein explained origin and destiny of the Universe. However, developing its own equations pointed out to the extending Universe. Einstein considered at that time that the Universe is static. Therefore to “ improve” the equations in order to describe the static Universe he entered the special factor to return the Universe into the static condition. In about 10 years, in the twenties of the 20th centuries astronomer Hubble proved that the Universe really extends. Einstein, though not immediately, but accepted it, having called introduction of his special factor the largest mistake of his life.
In year 1928 the mathematician and physicist Paul Dirak developed united theories of quantum mechanics and the special theory of a relativity. The equations deduced by it predicted existence of particles of the same weight, as well as an electron, but with a positive charge. He called this ephemeral particle an anti-electron or positron. Subsequently it was experimentally proven existence of these particles and even the existence of antimatter constructed of positrons.
We live in the world with four dimensions (including 3 dimensions of space and one dimension of time.) However the formal mathematics operates with multidimensional spaces. Any point in the our Universe can be therefore defined by 4 coordinates. For example, in New York we can tell to the friend: “Let's meet at the corner of 42 street and 5 avenue on 25 floor at 12.00 pm “Thus, 4 numbers (42,5, 25,12) define an event effectively  in 4 coordinates. Superstring theory believes that the Universe should exist in 10 dimensions. Scientists explain that at the moment of the Big Bang 6 of 10 dimensions disappeared on unclear to us reasons while remained 4 dimensions quickly extend.
It is possible to say also that our Universe is a projection of 10 dimensional Universe on the system of three dimensional space and one dimensional time. For better understanding of this theory, we will present such example.
We are watching the movie on the flat screen and we observing the play and watching the actions of actors. It is easily possible to present a movie, where development of characters of the movie from the birth to death is shown. And now let us imagine that silhouettes on the flat screen revived. Imagine, that they found ability to think of itself and about sense of their existence. But  they continue to live on the two-dimensional flat screen, the third space dimension is not known to them. It seems to them that their actions on the screen are defined by their free will. However, we know that it is not true. All their lives are predetermined by the contents of the movie which is projected on the two-dimensional screen from a movie camera established in the auditorium in a place which is inaccessible to movie characters, because of camera is located in the third space dimension.
Probably, our lives only represented to us by a consequence of our free choice. Actually, all our life from the birth to death, is written down on any unknown tables and it is developed according to in advance defined scenario. Only contents of the scenario and its author are unknown to us. It is easy to present that the movie in which we are actors, projected on our three-dimensional space from the fourth or from the fifth dimension (if we consider time - the fourth dimension).
4. The fifth dimension should influence our life or somehow to manifest Itself . We know that some people possess very extraordinary abilities: telepathy which transfer of thoughts or a prediction of future events. These phenomena interested even Ministry of Defense of many countries. In 1972 the Central Intelligence Service of the USA developed the project of a remote view of the closed sites of the territory of the Soviet Union, next to city Semipalatinsk where the Soviet rocket were tested. Except geographical coordinates, nothing was known about this place. Only on the basis of these few information people with telepathic abilities drew an arrangement of the major building and also drew the mysterious crane which is completely coinciding, with crane represented later in the photo from the satellite. The psychic found also underground storage for rockets. (U.S. News & World Report, January 27-Feb 3, 2003). There are many such examples, though not always the correct information is obtained.
But the science cannot explain available successes in telepathic perception. Whether part of our consciousness travels through the fifth dimension? Predictions of the future events sometimes are very accurate, despite of an abundance of charlatans in this area, it is sufficient to recall Wolf Messing  with his prophecies  (the interested readers  I refer to the best  book in my opinion: Volf Messing- mystery man ,written by T. Lungina.) It is not excluded that some information is transferred through the fifth dimension. It is possible to look in further away. The belief in God is felt by people differently. Probably, sincerely and deeply believing people instinctively feel any information arriving through fifth dimension.
5. The mathematic opens rationality in the Universe organization. Physics and experiments proved that mathematical laws are reality. For example, people visited the Moon and returned back to Earth prove accuracy of engineering calculations. Rationality of mathematical laws of the Universe follows from rational intelligence of the Founder of these Laws.  Space reflects work of the Great Mathematician who we call God. Is actually the Great Intelligence which has created mathematical laws of a Universe exists?
 We live in the world where physical sizes of objects are measured on the corresponding scale of units. And we developed the certain relation to values of these sizes. For example, distance in 1 meter, 1 kilometer, and even 400000 kilometers (distance from Earth to the Moon) or 153000000 kilometers (distance from Earth to the Sun) somehow, in the last resort, can be represented in our brain. But the distance in 10 in degree of 100 km from Earth does not perceived in our brain. We can say the same thing to an astronomical distances from Earth to stars even inside our  Galaxy.
It is possible to say the same thing about velocity as a rate of motion of physical values and bodies . It is difficult to perceive by our consciousness even 330 km/sec (speed of sound) or 300000km/sec (the speed of light, which is the maximum speed in Universe). For example, the ray of sunlight needs 8,5 minutes to reach the Earth. Or, for example, look into another substance- density of matter. In ordinary life we meet objects with density between 1gramm \cm3 (water) and 13.6 gramm \cm3 (mercury). But today scientists proved existence of black holes in the Universe. These are substances with unimaginable density (hundreds millions tons in one cubic centimeter) so even the ray of light cannot escape from this underworld and atoms there do not exist, having turned into neutrons. We cannot represent such mad density of substance to ourselves. So why not to assume that, like a range of physical sizes, the range of Intelligence in the Universe too can exceed many times those which we see in the Earth limits. Somehow the intelligence too is measured, although imperfectly.
I mean factor of IQ. For the fool it lower than 75, for the smart person IQ is somewhere around 120, probably, for Bill Gates 200, and for the great scientist Einstein – maybe 200 to 300. But these sizes perceived by us, and we can understand the possibility of appearance of such gifted great scientists in the future. But if mentally to promote on an intelligence scale further and to imagine a being with intelligence 10000 or even 1000000?

I do not see this absolutely impossible. Somewhere on planets such intelligence can exist in the Milky Way located inside a material body, or, in general, exists as an inner world, in a dimension unattainable for us. For us it is God or Gods. And we for them - the ants who are creeping about in a heap of brushwood on a wood edge. Ants, as well as we, are occupied with the daily routine and do not feel presence of a higher intellect. And maybe, some of them possess a sense of their existence? We cannot learn this before we establish some kind of communication with these creatures.
6. As Vladimir Pokrovsky writes in the *Independent  Newspaper * (on November 25 2003), according to the General theory of a relativity of great Albert Einstein, the existential continuum without existence of a matter would be absolutely homogeneous and could represent the ideal four-dimensional space. Existence of weight bends this space, bends it sometimes in the most unexpected way, and, in principle, can happen that the different sites of this space strongly removed from each other or can adjoin among themselves. Here in this space there is also a puncture. Therefore, a brave astronaut may direct through this puncture the space crew and in a moment he will appear somewhere on the brink of the Universe, or, possible, in other Universe. These punctures are called wormholes.
However, theoretical possibility of existence of wormholes yet does not mean possibility to travel through them. Physicists at the same time found out that if wormholes exist and to get into them is impossible. Around them there is a certain horizon of events through which even in principle it is impossible to enter. Only in a black hole this horizon is border  through which get out nothing, even a ray of light, and with wormholes we are in an opposite case, because it is impossible to get inside from our world. However, the same physics in 1988 found out that this horizon of events can be cleaned, if in the wormhole entrance to place a matter with negative energy. This matter really exists, but in the scantiest quantities.

But on May 23, 2003 in the Physical Review Letters magazine there was an article of group of the American physicists under team of known theorist Matt Visser from the Washington university where by means of the most difficult mathematics is proved, what even  very small quantities of a negative matter will be quite enough to make wormholes passable. Therefore, there is quite real from the physical point of view a picture at which you enter into wormholes somewhere in Paris or New York, pass for a short time on an existential tunnel and get out outside, say, in Andromeda's Nebula.
Also, If we desire, it is possible to go to the Past. The physics gives OK. This way heroes of the movie   “Timeline”, released in November, 2003, find themselves in 14 century. In the movie scientists casually find the tunnel, one of which ends located in France of 1357. There the heroes of the movie plunged into whirlpool of centennial war between England and France. They participate in surprising adventures. Eventually they come back presently, having left one member of group in medieval France (however, at his own desire).
        That tunnels which exist in the theory of relativity, of course, not necessary appear in reality. But, after all, many times mathematical calculations anticipated the scientific discoveries. For example, even black holes, initially were existed only in the theory. So, this movie is very close to the truth. And if we assume that passable tunnels between the different space time exist, possibility of travel to the Past becomes reality. It means that the Past does not disappear somehow and does not fail in any hell. The Past, continues to exist in other existential continuum, in other time space. Probably not on Earth, maybe somewhere in Andromeda's Nebula  or in other Universe. (The quantum physics operates with concepts of plurality of the worlds, in which our Universe is only one of possible).
         Therefore, our Past somewhere may exist  , lagging behind our time on a temporary phase on 500 or X years. In it (in the past) events of our history occur and repeat. Royal dynasties are replaced, epidemics and destructive wars carry away lives of millions people. Gradually, time in their system of coordinates will come nearer to year 1932, of Christian chronology. And on January 18 the author of these lines again will be born. Perhaps, it will be an exact copy of the author and he should live again the same life. Whether any changes in new life are possible? I think, hardly, and that is very sad. Because, if people voluntarily changed their destiny, all history would not go any more on the same rails, and, like a fast train approaching  to the big city, would be displaced on one of the numerous branches of railroads. So, it is quite possible that we live the life in the same conditions not once. It proves to be true to many people, who had the feeling that same events appear several times in life. I mean that in some life experiences suddenly there is a thought that objects surrounding us, including people and material things, already appeared for us as painfully familiar. The last time such feeling arose in the author mind at small meeting at the head of department of institute in Leningrad, probably, to year in 1976. Before that data the similar associations arose too, but never after this time.
7. Sometimes it is necessary simply to wonder: whether our physical existence on Earth have sense at all. Or our short life with her sufferings, pleasures, awful unfairness and crimes is senseless, as life of the ant crushed on the road. It is necessary to listen to your own intuition. If you intuitively feel that there is any purpose of our presence on Earth, realization of this purpose is hardly possible during that short time, which we call life. Therefore, at least for performance of this ordained purpose life should proceed in other plans and after our physical death on Earth. Also repeated passing through the same life somewhere outside of our Galaxy or in the parallel Universe is not excluded. But if there is a purpose of our transitory life, there is also a certain intelligence (God?) which established this purpose. Otherwise, life is senseless, and we are only casual splashes of thoughts at the ocean of absurdity.
8. The possibility of travel to the Past is considered even in the popular scientific literature. For me such possibility of travel to the second half of the 19th century exists. To perform this trip I am taking a volume of stories of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. He described excellently the lives of all layers of Russian society at that time. At the story beginning Chekhov introduces a reader into described reality very simply without pretentiousness and complexity like M.Gorky and simpler, than Russian great writer L.Tolstoy.
Any story addresses to the reader as to the silent participant of described scenes.
Let's take at random the description of the bad weather: “Large rain drops knocked on dark windows. It was one of those prolonged country rains which continue for a long time on weeks while a chilly summer resident plunge into the perfect apathy. It was very cold, and unpleasant dampness was felt. The mother-in-law of the lawyer Kvashina and his wife, Nadejda  Filippovna dressed in jerseys  and shawls, sat in a dining room at a dining table...”. The author inviting the reader to enter into this dining room at a dacha and to listen the story. All words are picked carefully up without burdening a reader with unnecessary details. Chekhov is the great talent. And, re-reading Chekhov, I plunged myself into a web of various lives long ago, in life of vanished generation. He describes the kind and malicious people as they are: ideological and indifferent to politics, religious and atheists, intelligent and illiterate.  And still this tells me that in spite of variety of characters and destinies, the decent, conscientious people thinking not only about their own pocket, but feeling pain of other human being, represented much larger part of population, than 130-140 years later.
9. Why each live creature in the nature, whether it be a plant or the animal or top of  creatures- the human being, tries to breed, so called, daughter cells? Why the first live creature which has appeared from a lifeless matter was not lost at once, but gave posterity? What forced this first creature to breed? Plants and animals do it unconsciously, obeying instincts or something else. And the human being acts with meaning, but something too directs him.
 It is even more interesting that for the best survival of posterity all live species aspires to diversify genes of sexual partners. In flora it is carried out by cross-pollination of flowers by means of a wind, bees or bugs. In fauna, contrary to known assertions, the monogamy is seldom accepted. For example, considered monogamous birds actually are not such type. Their females make high percent of the posterity not from that male with whom they spend time, but from others. In the human world many social and religious restrictions on multiple sexual contacts to different partners exist. These restrictions are not always observed. And the fact of the social restrictions inherent in all religions, says that the human nature demands contacts to different partners. The mankind poeticized this aspiration, having called it love and having written million volumes on this subject.
Really, the marriages between representatives of related group of peoples lead to increase probability of hereditary diseases of their offspring. It is enough to look at posterity of Amish or orthodox Jews who usually marry within the relative circles. Therefore, the Mother Nature prompts people: mix your genes with people unlike you if you want to have a healthy posterity.
I believe that, like an electromagnetic field in Universe, there is a biological field which to be shown everywhere where there are suitable conditions for life. And this biological field influences each live being, in the direction of development and maintenance of life of posterity even at the price of death of a parents. In a brain of a person or an animal this biological field generates emotions and a sexual inclination. Applying delicate language, it is possible to call these feelings as love, which fills life of millions people and produces novels of millions writers.
10. From the moment of human self-awareness people started to ask a question of existence of God. The surrounding world is unclear to human mind and life experience of a person prompts to conclusion that any event or the phenomenon has the beginning and the end. We also learned from life experience that any consequence is preceded by the reason.
Among ancient Greeks more smart and clever people lived than presently in Greece .They believed, for example, that all weather phenomena created  by the god  1Zeus living on the Olympus mountain. It brought down to Earth rains and thunder-storms, earthquakes and floods.

Since then passed 2500 years, which is an insignificant period on time scale. As a result of successes of a science similar views seem ridiculous. Sphere of influence of God was considerably reduced. However, it did not disappear finally. Simply, the border of the inconceivable moved for the humans beings far off: in Space and Time.
The theory of an origin of the Universe, which is acceptable in a scientific world confirms, that the Universe was born from the Big Bang explosion.

This explosion has occurred, about 14 billion years ago. The reason of this tremendous explosion is not known. As a result of this explosion, there was a formation of our Universe.

According to Einstein's theory Energy and Mass pass from one state in

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another accordingly to the established ratio:   Å=MC  where C-velocity of light (300,000 km/sec).
Scientists established recently that after Big Explosion the Universe expanded with an escalating speed. It means that stars and galaxies move away from us and through billions of years the night sky over Earth will become more and more gloomier . However the mass of the Universe, including dark mass, interferes with the Universe expansion, aspiring to counteract it also as the stone thrown by me does not depart to a space, and falls to the ground.
Does it mean that the Universe continue to extend with increasing speed? The answer is in dark energy, as the force counteracting gravitation, which is some kind of anti-gravitation. But from where this force originated? Nobody knows this. There is an assumption that this force arises because of influence of other Universes, so-called, parallel worlds. Some modern scientists consider that our Big Bang Explosion was preceded by others and that expansion of the Universe will end eventually with its compression, when all mass of the Universe will concentrate in one point with inconceivable density for our consciousness. And then again there will be a Big Bang.
But what forces Energy to be poured in a Mass and on the contrary?  Probably, dark energy somehow represent essence of God. And here one more observation from area of genetic. It was stated by my friend and coworker Kiril Chemena in one of his letters to me:

         “Any albumen is a chain of amino acids. And its code record in a chromosome, that called Gene, is a chain from triple groups of mono phosphates, so-called, Triplets. Such is a genetic code which is UNIFORM and UNIVERSAL for all live forms on Earth, whether it be an infusorians or a giraffe, an apple-tree or a bee on a flower or a bird on a branch.
 As known mono phosphates are only four, the genetic code allows to code four in the third degree, i.e. 64 amino acids, whereas all known is 20. Other part of unoccupied triplets either duplicates already existing one’s , or bears auxiliary functions, or remains vacant. And, by the way, it is proved that the genetic code did not change for some billions of years and remains invariable forever because its slightest change would threaten all live with complete disappearance.

And so, if, as the vulgar materialism says, the genetic code was created at the beginning of times only for an infusorians, it should not be so difficult already from the very beginning. At the beginning of the world this code could be much simply like binary. Or already from the very beginning it should be known that millions of years later there will be a human beings with their irreplaceable amino acids for which the binary code will be already insufficient.
           But it assumes presence of the Founder foreseeing all way of the life development from beginning to an end, but the materialism rejects a similar assumption.
  11. The science horizons extremely extended, space crafts with telescopes travel in a space, people visited the Moon, and space shuttles fly regularly around Earth. Our space horizon, t, å distance in the Universe where we can see using the best telescopes and in which we see

                                                    26

space objects are made by 4õ10      meters. This distance defines the visible Universe which is also called by HUBBLE VOLUME. Scientists know now that a visible matter, including stars, planets, and hot gas make only about 0.4 % of the Universe. Invisible components, such as black holes and intergalactic gas make 3,6 %. Other Universe consists of a dark invisible matter (about 23 %) or dark energy - about 73 %. Only recently scientists understood a key role of a dark matter in formation of stars, planets and even people.
Scientists consider that after the Big Bang, which is theoretical beginning of the Universe, the dark matter forces particles unite together in more or less dense formations. It brings emergence of gravitation that conducts to formation of stars. These stars, in turn, create the basic chemical elements, such as carbon and the iron which are fundamental in evolution of life. The nature of a dark matter is unknown. It cannot be seen or directly to find. Astronomers know about its presence owing to its influence on visible objects, influences which it is possible to see and measure.
   Astronomers believe that the dark matter and dark Energy make opposite impact on the Universe. The dark matter tries to slow down Universe expansion after the Big Bang, and dark Energy accelerates Universe expansion. And dark Energy wins, for the Universe expanding quicker and quicker. Through millions years familiar stars and constellations will disappear from our horizon and the night sky becomes much more dark. The nature of dark Energy is also unknown. Perhaps, dark Energy comprises any infinite Intelligence?
12. It is interesting that life on our Earth developed only thanks to the exclusively narrow criteria ranges, necessary for life. Here some of them:
Earth is at the correct distance from the Sun. If Earth settled down slightly further the oceans would be frozen and Earth would be similar to Mars. If Earth is closer to the Sun, the oceans would evaporate and Earth would be as Venus.

Our Moon is just the appropriate size to stabilize Earth orbit. If the Moon was much less, even small deviations of a terrestrial orbit for millions years would accumulate forcing Earth to hesitate in an orbit and causing monstrous climate changes that would make life impossible. The computer program shows that the big Moon (about a third of weight of Earth) will shift Earth axis to 90 degrees for many millions years. It will lead to catastrophic changes of weather, doing life impossible.

Computer models of our solar system show that the presence of planet Jupiter in our solar system favorably influences life on Earth because inclination of Jupiter protects us from asteroids. If Jupiter was much less and its inclination is much weaker, then our solar system would be full of asteroids, doing life on Earth impossible for this attacks.

Earth exists within a galaxy, called the Milky Way, approximately, at distance of two thirds to the galaxy center. If the solar system was closer to the galactic center, radiation would be so intensive that life would be impossible. If the solar system would be much farther from the galaxy center, there would be not enough chemical elements for life creation.
Such successful coincidences are very favorable for emerging of life.
Passing to a microcosm, we too are surprised to many coincidences. For example, the mass of a proton is14% less than mass of a neutron and in 1836 times more than the mass of an electron. Thus, free neutrons decay on protons and electrons. If we reduce mass of a neutron by 0.2 %, protons become unstable and break up to neutrons and positrons. As a result the nucleus of atom loses an electric charge and atoms break up because the force supporting rotation of electrons on orbits disappears.

We will be limited to these examples to avoid get involved in a thickets of modern physics. The huge number of the successful coincidences which has led to an emerging of life on Earth seems not casual. We can think about the intellect of the Creator, which appears designed the Universe, having created laws of the nature and having defined constants in these laws. Probably, Creator is a mathematician because laws of the nature are well described by mathematical expressions. However, in the scientific world other explanation prevails.

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As I wrote above, a visibility limit for us makes 4õ10   meters, which is the distance defining the visible Universe. But, if the space is infinite, outside of our Universe there are a lot of other Universes with different physical constants. The well-known science fiction writer Stanislav Lem adhered to such hypothesis. He believed that essence of God is a supercomputer.

But if God - the conceiving substance, signals inside of it has to be transferred instantly. However, Einstein established that no material particle can exceed a velocity of light of 300.000.000 meters per second. This speed seems to us unimaginably high, however it is not so.
The velocity of light, equally, as well as speed of electromagnetic radiation, is the lowest. For example, from edge of the visible Universe light reaches us for 31.5 million terrestrial years. The nature of the signals extending instantly is unknown to a science. However, it is not excluded that such signals exist. I believe that after a gain of the next space at least within Solar system it is possible to make experiment by determination of speed of telepathic communication. Let's tell, 2 psychics telepathists should be placed on Earth and Mars. The person on Mars initiates the message which the telepathist on Earth accepts. Time between the sending a message and message reception is measured. If telepathic communication too extends with a velocity of light this time will make, about 133 seconds, that is more than 2 minutes. (it under condition of a favorable position of Mars when this planet is removed from Earth on 40.000.000 kilometers). Meanwhile, if measured time between the moments of the message and reception makes size close to zero, instantaneousness of communication will be proved, and together with it the hypothesis about the conceiving Universe will receive further confirmation.
Only on the Earth it is impossible to carry out such experiment, in view of a small of distances on the Earth in comparison with a distance of the light moving
13. About time
We realize four-dimensional Universe. Therefore, the description of finding of any subject in it is possible to make by means of three coordinates defining a space of a subject in the world and one coordinate, defining a moment the subject is in this place. These four dimensions also limit that plane of the world which we perceive. However, only one dimension perceived by our consciousness defining a present situation of time. Probably, there are other coordinates of time covering the past and future time. The ordinary person unable to glance, say, during future time, but the people presented and possessing special talent can travel both to the past, and in the future.
Existence of coordinates of time conducting in the past and the future proved to be true by modern physics. Albert Einstein wrote: ”The distinction between past, present and future is only an illusion, even if stubborn one”. This question interested me, therefore I decided to address to well-known  scientist-physicist Paul Davies with a request to explain a modern scientific view on this problem. Below is the answer of the scientist:
Dear Yury,
Yes, past and future exist. The division of time into three categories, past, present and future, is just a human illusion, and has no connection with the physics of time. Einstein stated this explicitly.
You will find more about time travel in my book "How to Build a Time

Machine" published by Penguin in 2001.
With regards,
Paul Davies

Australian Centre for Astrobiology

Macquarie University

New South Wales

Australia 2109

______________________
Now there is a question on which I could not receive the answer. In what space-time diagram Past and Future area are located? As I mentioned before, Time may has one more dimension besides known for us. Probably, the predictors of future events somehow get through this dimension. It is known that some people able to predict the future events.
One of outstanding predictors was Wolf Messing and some other extraordinary people.( In more detail about this phenomenon I wrote in my philosophical notes which have been included, to e-reading online library.)

Wolf Messing, in particular, foretold in 1941 that war of Germany with the Soviet Union and other countries will end in May, 1945 with complete defeat of Germany. I tried to present this prediction graphically on the enclosed scheme.
Here the space is presented by two coordinates. Vertical coordinate - time, representing years from 1941 to1945. The central vertical line represents Sun World Line (sun movement in time) the sine line represents Earth movement about the Sun for these years (Earth World Line).

The horizontal lines  dotted lines represent  years 1941  through 1945.(In the year 1941 the war between Germany and Soviet Union started and in the year 1945 Germany was defeated).

On the plane of 1941 Messing and me is shown. But Messing sees the future Victory Day on May 9, 1945 while I and the vast majority of people around me see only the present time for us which is 1941.
Probably, over time there will be the technologies, allowing to see the future if not to travel there. I do not think that it will be the valuable invention for mankind. It is rather will approach its end.


The Messing prediction  regarding the end of  war.
Part III
ABOUT RUSSIA
1. One of the biggest mistakes of the Soviet interpretation of the history, known well to all people who have been born in the Soviet Union, is the statement about inevitability of change of social formations (originally the slaveholding society existed, after that come feudalism, then capitalism, then socialism, etc). From here the conclusion was drawn about inevitability of the upper phase of socialism: communism.
For the person with normal thinking this statement is rather metaphysical because it is trying to explain the human society’s development by some incomprehensible force. In reality, social changes are caused by development of science, innovations, inventions, new technology and human curiosity. But official Soviet interpretation of history was necessary to the authorities in order to prove the historic inevitability of October revolution and to justify the repressive and cruel State which was established after 1917 in the former Russia.
The purpose of the revolution consisted in the capture of  State control by group of the conspirators relying on deceived, trustful and uneducated or illiterate people. Such revolutions were made even in ancient Rome.

Thus, the history represent itself as casual events simply linked among themselves, and the course of the nation history abruptly changing from outcome of these events. We can discover as many as we need examples of events which influenced the course of history. For instance, let us considers some events.
a) The immediate cause of the First World War during years 1914-1918 was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the archduke of Austria-Hungary. His death at the hands of Gavrilo  Princip-a Serbian nationalist with ties to the secretive military group known as the Black Hand-propelled the major European military powers  towards war. The total number of casualties in this war, both military and civilian ,was about 37 millions:16 million deaths and 21 million wounded. Also, as the consequence of this war, was the revival of German nationalism and German leader  Hitler’s  advent to power.
b) In December of 1907 the future organizer of Russian October 1917 revolution Lenin almost drowned, having fallen under ice of the Gulf of Finland. If Lenin would  expired , it is possible to confirm that the armed revolution in October, 1917 would not occur. Because there would be nobody to head the revolution . Even a considerable part of Lenin’s Party (Bolsheviks) declined to revolt, and wanted to have some agreement with the Provisional Government, which control Russia at that time. However, the iron will and, obviously, Lenin's hypnotic influence on the Party leadership made the business, and the history went some other way.
c) Renunciation of czar Nikolay the Second on March, 1917. Bolsheviks skillfully disorganized Russian Army, having undermined completely discipline and desire to be at war. In these conditions the war with Germany should have been stopped at any cost. However, the Provisional Government owing to intelligence and decency of his members was unable to break obligations to allies and conclude separate peace with Germany. But in 1918 Lenin made the separate peace with Germany that gave the chance to the Soviet power to be consolidated. He understood that this peace - a temporary measure, because Germany will be crushed even without Russia. As a result, Lenin kept and strengthened his power.
d) If Russian last queen Aleksandra Fiodorovna had a normal son, without a blood illness that compelled her to resort to the help of the country peasant- man, who was psychic named Rasputin, the czar and the queen would not antagonize against itself those sectors of society which supported a monarchy.
e) Attempt to assassinate Lenin in 1918 at Michelson's factory wounded him and speed up his death. The future leader of Soviet Union Stalin  used this opportunity to move himself to power position. There are hundreds of similar examples. And each time another outcome would make the history of the world and Russian State different.
To a great regret, Russian people chose the bad, and sometimes, awful historical road in a point of a possible choice of future way.

Very important role in creation of mentality of Russian people was placed by Orthodoxy and the related trinity: RELIGIOUS BELIEF, CZAR AND FATHERLAND.

As confirmed by great psychiatrist K. Yung, the basis of this mentality is that function of concrete activity and strong-willed mobilization are weak and are at the level of a “child”. Pressure upon such points causes “the children’s behavior” and, first of all, the address to the senior or a state to get advice and as a result building the strong confidence to official information: Radio, Newspapers, Television. From here there is almost total absence of the critical thinking, which currently exists in Today’s Russia.

I am recalling, how the typical Russian Phenomenon appeared in my conversation in the seventies with the Chief of a large shop of Plant under construction in Siberia. As an engineer designer, I was very well informed in drawbacks of the materials distribution and construction of plant . As usually, there was a lot of absurdity taken place in the course of construction. This was the normal Soviet Construction disorder.

My Interlocutor, the Russian engineer, completely agreed with my analysis. Therefore, I asked him what he offered to correct all the shortcomings. I expected to listen everything, except his answer: “IT IS NECESSARY TO IMPRISON  ALL GUILTY CLERKS, THEN THE WORK WILL BE DONE PROPERLY”. This is ridiculous mentality that was propagated on TV and media. No mention of improving the supply process, training of people or their management, just imprison the guilty ones and everything will be done well. This was not an opinion of one person , such ideas were presented widely in other Russian people minds even during the relatively quiet  time of the  last quarter of twentieth century .

In 1917 the population of Russia was for 75%-80% illiterate or semiliterate, all their desires concentrated on the peace, the distribution of the land for peasants and a daily bread. Lenin and Bolsheviks used this natural desire for of decent life and promised that all their wills to be fulfilled after revolution. And, as Russian philosopher Nikolay Berdyaev writes, the Russian person - the extremist, that is, wishing to receive at once everything. Berdyaev considers that the name "Bolshevik" (from the Russian word More) tells to the ordinary people that "Bolsheviks" will improve life of poor people better than "Mensheviks" (from  the Russian word Less.)

Actually, the division of Social-Democratic Party into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks  fractions occurred at Party congress in 1903 at voting to the draft of the Party charter.  Lenin added to high people expectations the slogan «Plunder the stolen!». The private property in Russia was not seriously respected by masses even at the earlier times. And with this slogan the authority approved an open robbery. As a result of this propaganda the majority of the people followed Bolsheviks, including even a part of officers of old Russian Army. And soon the Soviet State created the punitive government body OGPU, which now is transformed to KGB (The Committee of  State Security). This organization later imprisoned or killed millions of the people.

 In spite of published Lenin’s articles and letters about  high moral qualities of the Russian peoples, his real opinion related to this subject was a little different one. I remember  very well  the curious fact.

People of the senior generation, who left at different times the Soviet Union, remember that among the main themes for school compositions there was a stable subject about what prominent and famous writer Gorky recollects about Lenin in memoirs  about  his meetings with Lenin . I red the first edition of these memoirs published in year 1925 or in 1926. An Interesting thing was not only their content, but what paragraphs were thrown out from the subsequent editions. Absolutely precisely I remembered the following fragment of memoirs.

“Sometimes it seemed to me that Lenin feels sorry for arrested people.

I asked Lenin about it directly. Lenin answered: “I am sorry for smart and clever people. We are talented people, but with lazy mind.” This phrase ends the quote in the subsequent editions of memoirs. And in the first edition of 1925 or 1926 Lenin's statement continued:”The Russian clever man is usually the Jew or the person with mixture of the Jewish blood”.
  2. In the book “My life” the former head of Read  Army and main opponent to Stalin Leon Trotsky writes that he was questioned about how he managed to miss the power from his hands. He answered that after revolution the mood of masses changed and people wanted to avoid new revolution. This answer made abundantly clear to me that Trotsky was blinded by Marxist dogmas and that he did not understood psychology of common people. This misunderstanding led Trotsky to defeat. And Stalin perfectly knew that the revolution headed by group of fanatics did not change the psychology and mentality of the Russian peoples. Considering Stalin a safe person, Lenin transferred him to work in the Central Committee of Communist party, what at that time was more likely a clerical job. In the year 1922 Stalin became the Secretary General of the Party. It was all the same like a big fish is thrown back into a river.

Due this responsible position Stalin got the huge power over a long list of the most highest

Party’s appointments: secretaries of regional and local committees, However , all plenums of the Central Committee were made of these people, and subsequently the whole Central Committee was formed from peoples, assigned by Stalin. At this point the ancient Russian principle took place. “I put you to a high position, therefore you are my slave.”

It meant that, irrespective of a discussed question, Stalin promoted members of Central Committee who, in their turn, voted how the boss demanded. Discussion of ideas did not take place now. Thus, Lenin easily gave the whole personnel policy in hands of Stalin, and his opponents were already doomed.
The greatest mistake in estimation of intentions of common Russian people was made by organizers of the 1917 October revolution. After revolution completely different people were trying to join the winning Party. These people were interested mainly in personal career and personal promotion to Party’s high positions. Stalin understood this situation well, but his opponents continued to believe in Marxist formulas about wisdom of working class. So, genetic roots of Russian people significantly exceeded, so called, class – conscious of working class.
And any contemptuous complaints from his opponents about his roughness, inurbanity, boorishness did not change the iron saying: “The good laughing is when anyone laughs as a last person.” And the comrade Stalin had a patience to wait. Trotsky as the national commissioner on military affairs, had strong positions in Red Army. But Stalin smartly used help of Lenin’s friends and accomplices  Zinoviev and Kamenev in removing Trotsky from this post, appointing to his position his deputy Frunze.
Frunze was not Trotsky's person, but he was not also a person of Stalin. Therefore he should have been removed soon. But how? Years of terror in Soviet Union were still ahead and to arrest the popular military commissar  by Stalin in 1925 was dangerous. But Stalin invented a devil’s trick.

Frunze had from time to time pains because of aggravated stomach ulcer. Therefore, thinking about its health and only about it , the Politburo of Bolshevik’s Party suggested him to have a surgery. The most interesting fact that Frunze did not want to have a surgery, because at that time nothing bothered him. However, Stalin through the Politburo insisted

on the need for Frunze to get rid of his ulcer from the stomach. The military commissar Frunze unwillingly obeyed to the Party requirement, laid down on the operational table from which he did not rise. It was told that his heart did not endured an anesthesia. Solemn funeral were taking place and  the crocodile tears spilled, the speeches about untimely lost of the civil war hero were pronounced.
And the Stalin appointed to the released position of the military commissioner his toady Voroshilov. Soviet  writer Boris Pilnyak wrote about this story in “The Story about the undying Moon”. Therefore, when the state terror begins in the thirties Pilnyak was destroyed as one of the first victims. Stalin had a great memory.
Being the theorist of Marxism and the excellent organizer of Red Army, Trotsky in race for power appeared as a lamb and was cruelly punished.

The same subject is concerned by a problem discussed on pages of the newspaper “Russian Northwest” 12-18-02. In the article *Was Stalin an agent of czarist Russia security police?” professor Ostrovsky asserts pros and cons to this questions. Analyzing the famous  letter of czarist police gendarme colonel Eremin, where it was directly written about Stalin's 2cooperation with an imperial police, the author concluded that this letter is a forgery. On this questions I sent the comment to Russian newspaper.

I argued that there is no need to rummage in letters to incriminate Stalin. Everything that is necessary to understand his actions is to address to his psychological portrait. For this person there was nothing sacred, except the power. There was his credo to achieve the power for his rule at any cost.
At first he aspired to the authorities in the imperial police, and, later he understood that it is possible to achieve the absolute power in the country joining to Lenin’s party of Bolsheviks. He did not trust to Marxism-Leninism the same way as he did not trust Russian Orthodoxy, but considered

Ideological mask a very convenient screen for cover of his own

Intentions . Elimination of real or imaginary rivals was his main goal in race for power. However, he preferred to reach his goals not directly, but through someone else’s hands. His life gives a set of examples of this type of behavior. It is enough to remember about Trotsky's elimination with help of  Zinoviev and Kamenev. Later he destroyed Zinoviev and Kamenev with the help of Lenin’s friend and Parthy theoretician  Bucharin , who was also Stalin’s friend and Politburo member till 1938.

Afterwards at right time he got rid from Bucharin with help of other members of Politburo. Briefly, for Stalin’s opponents Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bucharin and others situation was similar to playing the card game with a sharper. They considered him as a normal gambler just as he knew all their cards and was able to pull out any new card from the sleeve. This was the reason of their defeat from the start of game.
Coming back to Stalin's cooperation with a czarist secret police, it is not possible to doubt that it took place, while Stalin made the way in life upward. However, later, when thanks to his successful robberies of banks, Lenin appreciated the usefulness of Stalin for Party and he was promoted inside Party by Lenin. Lenin called him “the wonderful Georgian” and cooperation with the czarist police in these conditions could only do much harm to him. Therefore, he broke with police in 1912 or in 1913. As for moral complexes, Stalin didn’t knew what this means. He was completely free from morals. According to former Russian Communist  Avtorkhanov, who escaped later to the West this was one of his strong qualities.
3. On August 3, 2015 Robert Konkvest, one of the few western historians, who told to the Western society the truth about the Soviet tyranny died. Being itself originally the communist, Konkvest placed truth and justice higher than lie and deception. He early understood an essence of the Stalin system and opened eyes to western intellectuals who Lenin called "useful idiots”. His book «Big Terror» and many others books were published in Russia only at Elzin11 time. In the Soviet Union these books were considered as the forbidden literature.
Recognizing huge value of the Konkvest’s work, I disagree with his assessment of the identity of Stalin. Konkvest considered that the «Big Terror» happened because Stalin believed in the uncooked ideology and when it failed, he did not wish to recognize this and tried to manage visibility of success, visibility of desirable reality instead of that which really existed.
I am certain that Stalin was simply good psychologist and the actor. For this person to capture power at any cost was the main thing in his life. Still being a teenager, studying in a theological seminary, he realized that the Orthodox religion is constructed on a lie. He shared this view with the his schoolmate Iremeshvil i. He wanted to achieve the high social status and if this is impossible in an existing political system, then by destruction of this system. This goal became the purpose of his life. He became a police informant, but soon understood that it is an unreliable way. And Lenin, who was the leader of the extremely left Bolsheviks, helped him. Lenin lived abroad  and for propaganda and promotion of his ideas a large amount of money were necessary as the breath of life.
And young Stalin decided that Lenin was his hope. He joined to Bolshevik Party, and he organized in Transcaucasia some successful attacks on carriages with the currency transported by collectors of banks. Then the stolen currency by one way or another was sent to Lenin, abroad.

As an award for it, Lenin approached Stalin himself and entered him into the structure of the Central Committee of Bolshevik Party. Ideologically Stalin agreed with Lenin in everything, except the moment of the decision-making on October armed revolt in Petrograd in 1917. Here it was possible to lose because it was difficult to expect that the Provisional Government so poorly understand the  situation in the country. Therefore Stalin did not took part of conducting October revolution and his participation in the management of revolt was later hidden.
In the first few years after revolution, Stalin was almost unknown inside the Party. But gradually he started to manage paper work of the Central Committee of Party. This type of work Lenin's colleagues such as Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev despised and ignored. And here the Stalin's genius in race for power took place. As the former secretary of Stalin’s Bazhanov wrote, any ideological disputes at Party meetings did not interest him at all. He simply joined a meeting and if it was necessary to vote, he joined the opinion of the majority.

However, he showed huge personal interest in work with personnel, in promotion and advancing of communists. He even had a nickname "comrade Kartotekov", which means a man only involved in paper work. Stalin was an excellent psychologist, and his position of the Secretary of General of the Party gave all cards in his hands. He chose candidates for the highest Party positions, perfectly understanding that now, when Lenin Party was in power, a lot of potential careerists and people interested only in material benefits (a salary, special distribution stores and sanatoria, money in envelopes, personal cars, the apartments, etc) will  join the party.

     He knew that among Russian people the layer, so-called, ideological communists was very thin. The majority of new communists joined to the victorious Party because Party membership was very useful for their careers. And at any Party meeting, from Central Committee meeting before Party Congress these type of people were promoted by Stalin. And, of course, they supported his views on any voting. Stalin's opponents (Trotsky, Zinoviev , Kamenev, etc.) did not understand this simple truth or they understood it too late. When Stalin in the late twenties finally took possession of People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs, having put at the head of this commissariat Yagoda , who was total Stalin’s servant,  his undivided road to the absolute power was open. This road included punishment of all potentially ideological communists, a conceiving part of the intellectuals and a full reorganizing of Party on the basis of an absolute loyalty to the leader. The members of the Party were intimidated, and many of them sent for arrest to People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (KGB).The so called Soviet people hotly applauded the leader in any his actions.

There is one more of Stalin's many crimes which nobody mentioned. I mean his desire to accompany Hitler in destruction of Jews. The Soviet mass media after the conclusion of the treaty of friendship with Germany in 1939 did not mention Hitler’s repressions against Jews. (Then it could be understood as unwillingness to compromise the friend and the ally). However, after the war with Germany started in June, 1941 the Soviet press did not say a word about elimination of Jews in the areas captured by German’s army. Therefore absence of information on German atrocities in relation to Jews led to situation, when most part of the Jewish population was not evacuated and remained in the occupied territory, where they were annihilated. This way Stalin destroyed Jews by Hitler's hands.
           Later, in 1944, the Red Army occupied position next to Warsaw, capital of Poland. At this time the rebellion against Germans took place in Warsaw. The leaders of rebellion expected to get help from the Red Army. However, Stalin prohibited Red Army to provide any help to the rising Polish people in Warsaw. As a result, the rebellion was severely crushed by Germans. Stalin allowed Germans to destroy the Polish fighters, who were loyal to the Polish government in London. He established in Poland  the new communist government totally depending  on Moscow.
In years of collectivization 1929-1932, Soviet Union sold grain abroad, despite terrible hunger and millions of deaths of Russian and Ukrainian peasants from starvation. Again, it appeared that it was not Stalin’s fault. The raw-boned hand of hunger is guilty of this. These examples can be easily increased.
In the so-called Lenin’s will, written in 1922, Lenin recommended to displace Stalin from a post of the Secretary General. But Lenin's naivety is amazing. He suggested to introduce into the Central Committee of Party of 50-100 workers which, in his opinion, will bring working ideological influence in a Party upper part. But at the fifth year after October revolution, it was no matter who is a worker or an intelligent. There were only persons achieving material benefits left at this time and can be co-opted in the Central Committee, and, of course, Stalin promoted only loyal to him workers. Lenin did not realize, that in Stalin‘s promotion he handed over to monster an absolute power over Party and over the whole country.
        In 1936 Stalin carried out a public trial over Lenin’s friends Zinoviev, Kamenev's and others. In this court at the Columned Hall of the House of the Unions the foreign correspondents, writers and journalists were present. These people were shocked to hear frank confessions of the accused persons in terrible acts regarding preparation of murder of Kirov1and many other crimes. The accused not only confirmed arguments of the prosecutor Vyshinsky, but also added new reasons in support of his accusations. Some intellectuals talked in whispers: how could it happen, how could the heads of Lenin’s Party turned into a gang of conspirators and murderers? Some people said that accused people are represented by actors or that defendants are pumped up with drugs. The truth became known, at least to the West, only some years later when two high-ranking figures of People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs escape to the abroad. I mean Orlov and Lushkov .The first one ran from Spain to America, and the second one, heading People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs in the Far East, run away to Japan. They told that no drugs, actors or tortures used. On the contrary, the arrested people were well fed.
Stalin at personal meeting with Zinoviev and Kamenev demanded to help Party to carry out process against Trotsky, having promised in that case to keep life to the defendant and their families. He promised even their freedom for good behavior. While they did not trusted Stalin, but as defendants, they didn’t have other choice. They accepted Stalin conditions and fulfilled  their part of the agreement  during  the trial .But on the next day after a sentence of court was proclaimed  the guards dragged them to execution basement. Zinoviev desperately implored  security guards: “Please, call comrade  Stalin!”. Of course, it was in vain. The sentence was carried out.
Here is a moment to remember the verses of naive Russian poet Mayakovsky, who greeted October revolution: “If to expose in a museum the crying Bolshevik, all day in a museum there would be spectators, because such thing you will not see in centuries”. It is known that Zinoviev is the person, who in 1917 hid together with Lenin in a tent in the woods of Petrograd’s neighborhood .They hid there from the Police  of the Provisional Government.
Lenin died in due time, naturally or by help of Stalin, it is not known. An open court over Lenin's friends was  one of many acts of the “Wonderful Georgian” as Lenin characterized Stalin.
4. In 19th  century Karl Marx   and in 20th century Lenin proclaimed the future socialist revolution which will carry out by working peoples and which finally will create a paradise at our sinful Earth. The October revolution of 1917 in Russia was named a Socialist revolution. However this revolution was carried out by drunk sailors and workers, hooligans and thieves due to naivety and weakness of the Russia’s Provisional Government. By that time propaganda and deception of uneducated or illiterate people with promises of everything what they want, took the central place in Bolshevik’s appeals to masses.
To sailors and soldiers they promised peace and return to their homes to their women, to peasants they promised more lands from landowners' estates. To workers – they promised participation in management of the enterprises, much higher salary and housings.

 Another story is what the people actually got: continuous war or preparation for it, a slave labor in collective farms and forced labor at plants and construction sites, famine, mass terror and hundreds thousands of arrested men and woman in prisons as well as  concentration camps in Siberia and the Arctic .The intellectual elite  of Russia was destroyed gradually with special care. It is possible to count some waves of destruction:

          1. The white emigration of 1918-1924 including the nobility, the intellectuals, merchant class of people and simply rich, educated and intelligent people. Being actually expelled from the country, they ended their lives in Europe.

           2. In organized by Lenin concentration camps in 1921 (Solovetsky camp) tens of thousands of opponents of the Soviet power contained and finally, lost their lives.

           3. Falsification trials of the end of the twentieth when the old scientific and technical intellectuals were accused of wrecking. (Shakhtinsky trial and a number of similar trials)

            4. The murder of the the ruler of Leningrad Party’s Committee Kirov organized by Stalin in 1934 lead to arrests of prominent Party members Zinoviev, Kamenev and others opposed to Stalin. Tens of thousands of people, a so-called, Kirov’s stream were at that time sent  to Siberian’s concentration camps from Leningrad.

            5. Mass repressions of the end of the thirtieth included about  2 million absolutely innocent people on which denunciations were written to a Committee of State Security (KGB).These peoples were sentenced to be shot or sent to concentration camps in Siberia and Yakutia , where they perished from frosts, hunger and exhausting work.

             6. The Great Patriotic War of years 1941-1945 when the Red Army overload the German armies with the corpses (approximately, 27 million Soviet soldiers and citizens were lost) which means Stalin and his marshals spent Russian people. The soldier called to infantry, lived, on the average, 5 days in offensive and up to 30 days in defense. After the war the commander-in-chief of Anglo-American armies Eizenhower asked the Soviet  marshal  Zhukov: “How your army attacks, if ahead there is a mined field? Zhukov answered:” We attacks like the mined field is not exist” It means that we are clear mines with bodies of soldiers.
Here I should remember the best and most truthful book of the war, which is  written by Nikolay Nikulin. Nikolay Nikulin, the Russian soldier, the member of the Russian Academy of Arts, wrote the memoirs in 1975. But only in 2007 the memoirs were published with small edition by publishing house - the Leningrad Hermitage. Ntkolay Nikulin joint as a volunteer to the Leningrad militia on June 27, 1941. He was lucky because he was sent to radio school and was not killed, as other Leningrad’s volunteers thrown under German tanks. He writes:

«At the beginning of the war German armies invaded our territory as the heated knife into oil. To stop their movement, there was no other means except to fill with blood an edge of knife. Gradually the knife started to rust and grow dull and moved more slowly. And blood continue flew and flew. The Leningrad’s home guard was annihilated. Two hundred thousand of the best peoples were killed.“And further: “Those who are on a front line - goners. They are doomed. Their rescue is only by small wounds. Those who in the back, remain alive, if they are not transferred  forward when ranks of the front line will run low. They remain alive and over time will make a basis of the organizations of veterans, they will decorate the breasts with memorable medals, awards and will tell as heroically they crushed Hitler at war. And they themselves will believe in it. They also will forget memory of those who were lost and who really were in the battle. They will present war, about which they know little, in a romantic aura. And the war horrors, the deaths, hungers, meanness and monstrosities will fade into the background.

 The real veterans whom remained one and a half person, will be silent and  under a rag. But the most mean role will be played by journalists. They sat in the back and wrote the articles slogans with a pink color. And after war they start to publish books in which everything is distorted, having absolutely forgotten meanness, nasty things and the bungling, which was a basis of front  life. All bad things about the war are covered and varnished. The lessons given by war, disappeared for nothing.”
 Let's note that destroyed in these and other crimes and wars people were of higher quality (morals, ethics, patriotism, honor, conscience), much better than those who replaced victims, mainly, from careerist motives. But these promoted workers who have come to replace victims provided their descendants simply because they were able to establish a family. The present young generation of Russia is distanced only 3-4 generations from years of mass terror. We are trying to estimate the moral standard of today generation of Russian youth. At the beginning of 20th century Russian society was very heterogeneous. However, the respect to religion existed at least among the common people. The degree of faith in God was different, but many religious holidays were observed and the border between Good and Evil was accepted by majority of population.
The Bolshevist revolution in October 1917 destroyed the principles of religious explanation of the origin of World. The religion was declared the opium for people. Therefore the border between Good and Evil was drawn in accordance with new and convenient for Bolsheviks principle. Instead   of principles of humanism, charity, respect to property the opposite became correct: hate of rich people, separation of people as friends and enemies, denunciations to authority as “enemiy of people’s”  everyone ,whom a slanderer dislike

These requirements were necessary for carrier and for material benefits after revolution. Stalin understood well psychology of Russian people expecting the new czar. He became such a czar and later he was almost the God for people. He destroyed all existing and potential dissidents during the thirties. In the war 1941-1945, Russia lost 27 million of peoples. Among these victims of terrible war were many honest and decent people, like volunteers who perished in the first fight.

After the war, the new Youth understood the border between Good and Evil as rules of games at the Soviet Union. However, even at that time some idealists in accordance with official propaganda went to cultivate virgin soil or to the railway construction in Siberia. In the last generation even these idealists disappeared.

Let's do such mental experiment.

We have in a big cage a colony of mice. We want to create conditions at which to select group of very malicious and cruel animals. How to make this? It is necessary to supply a cage with mice with the lesser quantity of food than needed. Then they will fight for food. Through some time the most aggressive and malicious mice who are taking food from others should be separated and lodged in other cage. It is supposed that in this group there will be bisexually individuals, and they will give posterity. Then their descendants to be separated and placed in a new cage in which supply of food will decrease. And so on. Through some generations we will deduce group of the worst and most aggressive mice.
This type of the negative selection functions also in a human society.

Here I would like to quote the opinion of famous philosopher and scientist Gustav Lebon(1841-1931):

“An observation shows that majority of people of one race peculiar to known quantity of common psychological traits, which are also so strong as anatomical  characteristics which used  for the species classification . Like the latest the psychological traits are reproduced by inheritance with correctness and stability. This composition of common psychological traits represent the national character”.

By other words ,for  the understanding of a country and peoples of this country you do not need to look into crystal ball or address a fortune

 teller .You have to understand the country history and  its national character.

 Going back to my essay I am presenting the birth and part of life of each generation with interval of 20 years. So ,by rough estimate, from year 1917 through 2017 five generation  entered life in the Soviet Union and Russia .The  first three generations(1917-1937,1938-1958,1959-1979) were born and entered to adult life in time of rough dictatorship, when to save his life as well as lives of yours close folks was possible only  knowing rules of games in society. You had to understand  the rules of communications to other people and know very well what possible to say and what is forbidden to tell.

The millions of denunciations written by ordinary soviet citizens to Committee of  State Security (KGB) are showed  existed moods in the Soviet society For  denunciators and slanders no moral restrictions existed.

From millions cases of denunciations I would like mention only one case, which  happened  in our multifamily apartment in 1938. Next to our room the neighbor’s room was located. Four Russian people lived in this room: the head of the family L., who was working as a chief of shop  on a factory, his wife and two children. My mother had good relations  with  the wife of L. Therefore , she shared with my mother  some life events. Even as a child I still remember  sounds of guitar, on which L. played.

Once in the midnight the lodgers of our apartment heard the terrible knock to the front door. It turned out to be the visit of the Soviet Secret Police members .They searched the L. room and drive him away.

His wife was inconsolable .She left without means for existence. As any wife she was trying to found something about the fate of her husband. She joined to huge line of women next to “Big House” (So people of Leningrad called the Central Office of Secret Police). She was standing in this line several days before she got  answer . And this answer was terrible .The member or Secret Police said her:”You may get married the second time”.

Soon she with her children was evicted from apartment and from city of Leningrad. She said to my mother that in a party with friends and acquaintances L. pronounced only one sentence:”Bucharin  was not a fool”(Bucharin was shot in 1938 as an “enemy of people”) Someone denounced L. to Secret Police .This phrase was sufficient to destroy totally L. and his family.

The best people from of view of morality were annihilated at the time of Stalin’s terror and at the time of so called Patriotic War of 1941-1945.Naturally that less sincere and more elusive persons were able to survive these periods.

However, in following years only these people left posterity .This way the today’s generation of Russian people is  being grow up. This generation with doubtful heredity was growing up in the country with mainly slave psychology: officiousness, humiliation of self-respect , fear to express own point of view, bootlicking and ,of course ,the main attribute of  propaganda: total lie.

Therefore , the youth of these generation considers her main task to build its own carrier and promotion inside the ruling party, KGB or bureaucracy .

If flourishing garden is burned out with fire , what can grow up from these ashes except of weeds?

It is curious to compare this situation in Russia with the situation in the czarist Russia at the beginning of  twentieth century. Ministers and members of State Counsel included different people. Some of them promoted their own carrier. However  some  statesmans were trying to improve prosperities of Russian people  and improve image of country.

One of these distinguished statesmans was Serge Vitte ,who was working as Minister of Finance for several years and later he was  a Prime Minister.

At that time the promotion of someone to high State position was tied with significant  risk to be killed by revolutionists .This way many important  statesmans like Minister of internal affair Pleve,prime minister Stolipin and others were destroyed .

Therefore, many of potential candidates refuse from their promotion .The Russian Secret Police at that time was not able to protect  statesmans  due to small quantity of personal  and  social contempt to any type of denunciators

However, after  Bolschevik’s revolution of October 1917 all Russian  intelligentsia  was destroyed physically or morally.The new Soviet intelligentsia which was by origin from workers and peasants understood the new rules of game needed for surviving .

After the Stalin’s death in the year 1953 the situation in the Soviet Union was softening , because the first secretary of Communist Party Khrushev

reported on  Party meeting about Stalin’s crimes. Of course, only a small part of Stalin’s crimes was mentioned, not more than 5-10%. However ,even this information  produced the cold shower for many people.

Nevertheless , the ideological suppress  of criticism was continued till the end of the Soviet Union existence in the year 1991. At the end of twentieth century the Russian authorities started again implement  a patriotism in the mind of people. But usually patriotism tied with hate of others countries and their peoples. For any dictatorship is urgently important to keep his power as long as possible. Therefore, the convenient slogan that Russia is surrounded with enemies gives the government  a possibilities to establish extraordinary or martial law and prepare peoples to real war.

The widely used television extremely simplified distribution of official  State’s propaganda and the citizen’s brains washing. As a results of historical  and genetic reasons the Russian person’s character  is very pliable for TV influence.

To support this statement I would like to share with a reader an opinion of the outstanding scientist  and  physiologist  academician  Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), who created  the institute of Experimental  Medicine in Leningrad.

“We have in our recovery department a woman with shattered nervous system. When someone shows her  red color and says that this is not red color but green one, she agreed with this statement . She said that after some observation she came to conclusion that this is not red color, but green one.

While nervous system is sore a person is loosing a perception of reality just as he or she has perceptions to words. The words replace reality .

The  Russian man nervous system is so weak that he is not able to conceive a reality. Only words exist for him. His conditional reflexes are coordinated with words and not with reality.”

    Therefore, I am certain that main goal of October Revolution of 1917 and followed after this event  one hundred years is completely fulfilled .The new Soviet  person is totally depends on State. He is corruptive if he considers this is profitable and he is gladly ready to take away properties of others. He ignores laws and his behavior depends on profitable connections with bureaucracy of   State. He gladly uses the administrative resource for his own enrichment. And he is not interested in human rights and freedom of speech.

The perspective of the country prosperity with such population is very doubtful.

However , the possible outcome for Russian elite still exist. I mean the nuclear blackmail of West countries. If this is working for North Korea with few nuclear bombs , it will much better work for Russia. The West countries will try to avoid the nuclear war with any price. Therefore these countries  will support the ruling elite of Russia with any commodities .
Part IV

Some history lessons

 

1. It is surprising that all Russian writers of the19th and 20th centuries, are in general anti-Semite . Their anti-Semitic feelings were different from strong anti-Semite Kuprin  to indifferent writer Chekhov. There are exceptions, of course, like Gorky and outstanding writer  Lev Tolstoy but these exceptions only confirm a rule. And, the relation to Jews does not follow directly from compositions of these writers, but is abundantly clear in their letters to friends and family members. Interestingly that in Soviet period the aversion for Jews in literature remained among Russian writers, it is enough to remember Soviet authors Bulgakov, Sholokhov, Gribachev and many others. I think that this anti-Semitism was due to the following reasons:

     à) Russian writers with milk of mother soaked up contempt to Jews, as

         to citizens of the second grade and the murderers of Jesus Christ.

     b) They consider Jews as people who at any cost aspire to get a profit
          in any situation.

     c) They disgust Jews for traits of character of some individuals.

     d) Envy to talent and abilities of Jews, who occupied very important role

in Soviet Russian literature. They wrote many serious works which

are quickly published and widely read by the intellectuals.
I think that the right answer lies in a combination of these four factors. Nevertheless the last point d) is the most important one. It is enough to remember such giants of the Soviet literature, as Erenburg , Babel, Ilf , Mandelstam, Brodsky, Marshak and opposing them Sholokhov, Fadeev, Fedin, Leonov, Surkov to understand a difference of talents of the first group of writers and the second one (I used the names which first come to mind). Only outstanding Russian writers as Evtushenko, Voznesensky or even Mayakovsky could not be afraid of the competition from talented Jews and consequently they stayed above the anti-Semitism.
2. If any absurd confirmation is repeated many times, people eventually will believe it. This was perfectly understood by Hitler and Stalin, actually, all their propaganda was constructed on this principle. But here is the real example, when apparently, critically conceiving western democratic adopt the same approach. Since 1949 after allocation of the Soviet zone of occupation of Germany to the puppet state, called the German Democratic Republic (GDR). This state  had as much democracies, as the Soviet Union had  under Stalin’s rule. Originally, the West understood it. Therefore, many years after that in the western press the name GDR was quoted in words “so called” the democratic republic. But eventually these critical words were lost and in the western journalists simply adopted the Soviet propaganda term the German Democratic Republic.
     The second example of this attitude is below. Never ever existed so-called Palestinian nation. Palestine was populated with the same Arabs who lived in neighboring states. The Palestinians ethnos did not exist. Many Arabs moved from other countries to Palestine because arrival of Jews created favorable economic conditions for development of this area. Before the Second World War and right after one the name” Palestinians” usually related to the Jews who have lodged in Palestine. But after creation in the sixties the Palestine Liberation Organizations under the umbrella of Soviet KGB and their puppy Arafat, the last, obviously, according to the instruction of the Soviet KGB, began spread on all forums ideas about occupied Palestine and about fight of Palestinian people for the right to national liberation. This lie was repeated million times anywhere and everywhere. And the world gradually got used to this phraseology. The majority of western media  does not raise doubts about existence such Palestinian people which are oppressed by Israelis. And Israeli leftist elite swallowed this bait too. The recipe is simple:repeated repetition of the same statement. There are many such examples in our world.
3. The new generations do not study historical  facts. They ignore these facts again and again .Therefore, they step on the same rakes again and being blown on a forehead. More than 1000 years ago powerful at that time state of Byzantium covering the territory of today's Turkey and Greece, could not protect the country from attacks of barbarians. Coming from the North from Kiev Russian barbarians devastated extensive regions of the country, taking away rich trophy. Sometimes they reached the country capital Constantinople, known nowadays as Istanbul.
They ruined churches and the monasteries, the plundered villages and the stolen cattle accompanied these raids. Some Byzantine‘s Greeks were converted to slavery as a result of aggressive attacks of Russian barbarians. Military expeditions brought temporary effect: after some

calm new  attacks were taken place. However, the Byzantines found the magnificent way to protect the country from aggressive tribes - to turn these tribes into the Greek Orthodox religion. In year 988 the Kiev prince Vladimir drove  the population of Kiev into river Dnepr, having carried out a baptism of pagans. Having accepted Orthodoxy, which was

the Byzantine religion, the Russian ceased to be an enemy. On the contrary, the connections between Byzantine and Kiev’s Russia

were strengthened thanks to cross marriages between the Kiev’s nobility and Byzantine aristocracy.
Even earlier, in the 4th century of our era the Roman emperor Konstantin considered as very useful to the empire to declare Christianity the State religion. That Christianity only three centuries before was exposed

to persecution and prosecution. Christians were thrown into cages to lions, forced to battle on the arena with each other on a fun of the Roman nobility .Often they were crucified on crosses. And suddenly the imperator changed the attitude to Christianity. He understood, that the uniform religion is rather consolidate the breaking-up state.
Such possibility was an important factor also as late in Byzantium.

For the Roman state barbarians were the German tribes attacking to Rome from the North. The Christian church actively helped the state to cope with invasion of barbarians. This was also successful campaign. Christians missionaries began victorious procession to the North and the West of Europe, acquainting pagans with new belief and turning them into friends.
But we need to return at the present time. The real peace between Israel and its Arab neighbors it is possible only under condition of familiarizing of Arabs to Judaism or at least to nonaggressive Christianity. It is impossible

to expect this because Judaism is the national religion and not  the universal one. And Christian missionaries are so intimidated by the Muslim

Extremism that prefer not to embitter Arabs with the sermons. Therefore the Israeli and other politicians speaking about the possible strong peace with

Arabs, is a lie. They deceive the people, they picture the pink mirages in a pursuit of voices of the electorate.
In recent years some leaders of Israel suggest to carry out democratization and reforms of the Palestinian society. But what is this, if not hidden imposing of Judeo-Christian values? (Freedom of persons, freedom to choose leaders and equality of all people before the law). It is improbable, that Arabs with their patrimonial and feudal mentality, with medieval traditions of blood feud and submission to the strong leader with honesty and without deception accept these conditions. Israel if it wants to exist, is doomed to live centuries in conditions as a besieged fortress. Any agreements with Arabs in these conditions represent a scrap of paper. These agreements will be violated if Arabs will find this violation is useful for their purposes.
This gloomy forecast can be broken only in two cases:

     à) the mankind will find effective and cheap substitute of oil.

     b) Oil in Arab countries will be exhausted.
In any of these cases the world will lose today's interest to the Arab countries. And it is possible, camels again will return to the Arab world instead of automobiles.
4. Today, on March 13, 2003 I read the obituary about death of the known American writer Howard Fast. This name for my reader is most likely is

Unknown , but in my consciousness it stirred up the whole layer of memoirs.

Still Lenin spoke about the western intellectuals eulogizing Soviet Russia, as the useful idiots. They are useful, because of their enthusiasm as they propagandize successes of new socialist society, and idiots because they do not realize that the promotion of socialist society undermines the capitalist countries in which these intellectuals live and prosper.

Howard Fast was one of such useful idiots. Been born In 1914 in a poor Jewish family in New York, having early seen shortcomings of capitalist society, he, being inclined, as many Jews, to idealism, joined the Communist  Party of USA. He stayed as a Communist many years in spite of the available for him information on horrors of terror in Stalin’s state.

Any information on situation in the USSR, published in a Western press, he considered as the bourgeois slander. During post-war time he even refused to answer questions of the Congress commission about his Communist party activity .

This way he undermined safety of his own country. Also he was compelled to stay 3 months in prison for disrespect of  the Congress. Such is a face of this steadfast communist Howard Fast. My acquaintance to Howard Fast’s books occurred in the early fifties. I always red a lot, and I wanted to take in library something from modern American literature. However, at that time in the Soviet Union there was the most severe censorship, and all

western writers, who wrote something, distinct from the official ideology of the Soviet Union, were not published. But in the section “the American literature” books of the writer Howard Fast filled the largest part of shelves.
Behind it there were books of Theodor Dreiser who was also a Communist  and books of Epton Sinclair and Steinbeck (progressive writers as they were called in the USSR). That's was all. I took the Fast’s book  “The freedom Road” which was about  cruelty to Blacks. This book seemed to me very boring. And even after Stalin's death the books of Howard Fast continued to fill the shelves of Soviet libraries. Even, after Khrushchev pronounced the well-known speech about Stalin's crimes, where he exposed many atrocities of the Stalin empire, Howard Fast remained the most devoted friend of the Soviet Union.
And suddenly it was like the burst a thunder from the clear sky!

In 1957 the Soviet Literary newspaper published the large article in which poured out a lot of blame on the unshakable friend of Soviet Union. It appears, that the friend published the book convicting communism, I Remember its name “A naked idol.” In the book the author described the deep disappointment in ideas of a socialism and communism. But what incited for Howard Fast to the such serious conclusion? It appears, as the Literary Newspaper quoted his own explanation, he came to a conclusion about existence of the state anti-Semitism in the adored Soviet Union.
Among other facts as suffocation by the Soviet armies of the Hungarian revolt in 1956, he brought also such explanation: In October of 1956 England and France were indignant at the Egyptian president Naser, who  nationalized  their property - the Suez navigation Canal. England and France landed the parachutists in a Canal  zone. Israel joined them and crushed the Egyptian armies on the Sinai Peninsula. The army of Israel took positions on east shore of Canal. (However, at that time United States of America opposed this intervention and compelled soon England, France and Israel to withdraw their troops) At the moment of crisis Soviet government, being on friendly terms with Egypt, acted with the notes of protest addressed separately to England, France and to Israel. Notes to England and France were made with appropriate diplomatic etiquette. However, note to Israel not only was deprived of any correctness, but represented homeless abuse and swearing to the sovereign country. And the usual diplomatic expression "Yours faithfully" in the note to Israel was missing.

Simply after threats and the insults that Israel must think about serious consequences, there were signatures of Soviet’s leaders: Bulganin,Khrushchev .
Howard Fast perfectly concluded that from all three countries Israel was less guilty because Israel protected his country from aggression

And he concluded that a boorish text of the note to Israel “is prejudiced and significant because It was ANTI-SEMITISM EXPRESSION IN the STATE SCALE!” It is interesting that this appraisal completely coincided with my opinion.

After all, the Jewish consciousness in Howard Fast’s soul eventually

overcame his fanatical love to Communism. Needless to say that his books were thrown out from the Soviet libraries. And the modest list of the American authors allowed Soviet citizens to read essentially decreased.
5. The book of great Russian writer A.Solzhenizin  of  *200 years together * is interesting because he was not afraid to undertake as he writes, the heated subject. And the readers comments are very much different: from praises to the angry charges of the author of an anti-Semitism. Solzhenitsyn tries to look objectively at this question through eyes

of an average Russian person. In my opinion. Jews always represented bipolar community. On one pole - the greatest minds of mankind, outstanding scientists, philosophers, doctors, engineers etc. Representing, roughly  0.1 % of the population of Earth, Jews make 12.5 % of the Nobel Prize winners. It is necessary take into account that the venerable Swedish academicians were not alien to anti-Semitic moods. (Great scientist Albert Einstein received Nobel Prize only from the eighth presentation). Even in the Soviet Union: Jewish represented, probably no less than 30 % of winners of Stalin’s and other state’s awards in a science, technology and medical research.
During the First World War the professor of chemistry, the Zionist, Haim Weizman so essentially helped England with chemical war against Germany, that minister of defense Churchill sympathized to Zionist ideas and promised English support to Jews in Palestine. (By the way, I should mention that in the twentieth century some Western newspapers mocked at Jewish emigration to Palestine: “Shopkeepers and secondhand dealers of second-hand articles undertook the State creation! “President of Israel Haim Weizman answered in one of speeches:

*Yes, probably, we are the sons of secondhand dealers, but we also grandsons of prophets! *) More shortly, examples of a huge contribution of Jews in a world of science, equipment, culture, philosophy are enormous.
But there is also another pole of Jewry on which unpleasant lines of the Jewish character, such, as cunning, aspirations to concentrate

on money-making, desire to get promoted upward, despite of lack of abilities, desire to snatch as much as possible of material things on a freebie etc. (My early dead friend Victor Levshinovsky called a complex of such qualities:*Use a penis of another man to drive to paradise *. He meant

not Jews but our particular colleagues). Among the American refugees or emigrants there are a some of such people (they live completely at the expense of the great country, without having worked here any day. They also receive free medicine best in the world, parcels on Jewish holidays and other privileges, reflecting that it is possible to snatch many things free of charge. Elementary human gratitude is outside of their understanding.
Certainly, there are many people with such attitude live in the USA..

I here do not assort the reasons of such duality of Jewry for it will get far aside from a subject. However, unfortunately, all huge merits of Jews before the world remain behind mode of thinking of simple person, because even the Russian intellectual do not think in global categories. And a common person sees before his eyes the specific Jew in which some traits of character are not pleasant to him. The usual conclusion of a common men is that he or she generalizes one fact, without reflecting to statistically authentic sample. And it generalization leads them to an idea that all Jewish are swindlers or all Jews are misers etc.
Solzhenitsyn too did not avoid a similar one-sided view, though he, as the teacher of mathematics, tried to support the statements not by one, by many examples. In a whole, I would call its work rather objective. But I will consider its main postulate in more detail because I do not agree with it.

According to Solzhenitsyn many Jews after October revolution willingly rushed to serve in retaliatory bodies of GPU (Political state Administration) later NKVD (People Commissariat of Internal Affairs, later called KGB), where Jews quickly occupied the leading positions. And red terror, as well as an annihilation of reach peasants, was carried out in some degree by their hands. In system of prisons and camps Jews carried out a number of “improvements”, which allowed to exhaust all strength from the prisoner only for some months after that a prisoner perished. Solzhenitsyn is saying that Jews got the huge power over Russian people. As, in his opinion, the subsequent generations of Jews are responsible for affairs of the fathers and grandfathers, He tells that it is necessary for Jews to confess before Russian people for their crimes.
I believe what Jews do not need to repent for the following reasons:

à) Solzhenitsyn recognizes that not Jews, but Russian, on a their stupidity carried out the October revolution. And remember that many Russian old Army officers and noblemen responded to Trotsky's appeal to join to the Red Army, having provided its victory. Hardly illiterate or commanders or semi-literate Red army commanders  like Chapayev, Voroshilov and Kulik could be able to crush White Guards. And how many Russian people worked in the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs? Of whom whole staff of the prisons and camps guards was consisted of? So if to speak about a repentance, it should be, at least mutual.

b) Russian people, as a whole, respect few traditions. I want to tell that pain and sufferings of the previous generation is not perceived even in the remote degree by young generation. (Jews, on the contrary, preserve memory about suffering of previous generations). Present generation of people in Russia is absolutely indifferent to million souls ruined in concentration camps, equally, as well as, to the millions, lost in war. Solzhenitsyn belongs to insignificant minority of people who kept historical memory. In these conditions the Jewish repentance without Russian exposure of the all crimes of Soviet State sharply strengthen anti-Semitism. Nationalists and fascists would began to shout  that Jews confessed to crimes of their ancestors, therefore Jews, deserve further punishment. (This is usual reaction of ignorant nationalist crowd. Look at Israelis and Arabs: the more humanely and in a civilized way Israelis behave, the more bullets and bombs they receive in reply).
In summary, I consider that the main mistake of Jews of many generations –their extremely active participation in political life of the countries of dispersion. If Jews applied their abilities only in areas of a science, equipment, medicine, commerce, they would avoid many troubles. Even Hitler, probably, would not reach such atrocities if Jews did not control  labor movement and trade unions through German Social democratic parties, which Hitler considered as the main obstacle in the way to the management of working class.

And in Russia, Jews could not climb in policy. Trotsky was the capable mathematician, and it would be much better, if he wrote publications  regarding the theory of games, than about the world revolution. But if Jews could not interfere to the political lives of the countries of their dispersion, they would be not Jews. Why? It is a subject for separate analysis.
Part V

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Daily and every minute the numerous tiny human beings are born. We call them children. The parents who were near them in perplexity about what can grow up from this a whining, tiny little body. Meanwhile, only a small part of them understand that the project of future person is already created. It is invisible, but it started to work even in conception. The detailed project of any being is written down in his genome in DNA molecules (deoxyribonucleic acid which is a macromolecule providing storage and transfer heredity from generation to generation and also an implementation of the genetic program). Easier to say, that in DNA are coded instructions which are carried out through the intermediary of RNA (the special macromolecule synthesized from DNA at the expense of copying of sequence of DNA in sequence of RNA).
Due to latest scientific discoveries in the close future it will be possible to read a genotype of the baby and precisely predict his character, tastes, desires and future interests. All this, including future existence or absence of sense of humor, is predetermined in the project of the person. Thus there can be a question: what in this case gives training of the child if everything is predetermined in genes?
I believe that the subsequent training cannot change hereditary gene structure, however it makes the child, and then the adult person more acceptable for other members of society, more social and give him or her  an ability  to function in a society. Actually, all religions of the world established a framework of behavior of a person. It is enough to recall 10 commandments of a Judaism. All religions create the moral code for behavior of a person who should understand, that not all his desires are acceptable for other members of society. So, for example, sexual passion of a young man to any young girl should be canonized in forms accepted for society. Marriages between men and women or even brothels in some countries are socially acceptable. More briefly, all religions established a border between the good and evil as they define these conceptions.
As I already mentioned above, all abilities of our baby at mature age are defined by his heredity. But they will be shown only as a result of future acquaintance with social life. For example let us consider such ephemeral concept as sense of humor. The sense of humor is peculiar in much bigger degree to men, because the huge majority of satirical writers or comic characters among actors are men. However, there are exceptions of this rule (Faina Ranevskaya , the known actress). I knew well the woman, inherited sense of humor from her father whom I knew too. Her father belonged to those Jewish jokers who tell jokes and jokes at the slightest pretext. Obviously, this hereditary Jewish trait was genetically fixed in many generations, facilitating their heavily life among other nations .

 However, her mother was the ordinary Russian woman without sense of humor. I think that this is a case when exceptions confirm a rule. Nevertheless, many women understand humor, though is not so thinly  as men. I, like many Jewish intellectuals, consider as ingenious work of the Soviet literature “Twelve chairs” of authors-satirists Ilf and Petrov. In this novel there is two-layer humor. The pursuit of brilliants lies on a surface and is perceived as the main plot of the novel. However, in the conditions of censorship and a ban on free words in the Soviet Union authors managed to deride and inform the clever reader about absurdities of the Soviet life. Below I quote as example the small fragment:

       “In the district city of N there were so many hairdresser's institutions and bureau of funeral processions that seemed, that residents are born to shave, cut the hair, refresh the head with cologne and immediately to die. Actually people in this city were born, had a shave and died quite seldom. Life of the city was the quietest. Spring evenings were delightful, dirt under the moon sparkled as anthracite, and all youth of the city fall in love with the secretary of local union that it simply prevented her to collect membership fee.”
In this short fragment there is a sneer concerning the new economic policy (New Economic Policy) which has led to emergence of many small  private business , living on miserable income, and a jeer over trade-union affairs in which collecting membership dues was the main duty of the secretary. Here is the short fragment from another chapter:

 “Boarding in a unreserved seat train had usual bloody character. Passengers, having bent under weight of huge bags, ran from the train head to a tail and from a tail to the head. Father Feodor dizzily ran together with all. He also, as well as other passengers talked to conductors with  begging voice, also as everyone, he was afraid that the cashier gave him the wrong ticket, and only when he entered ,at  last, to the car he returned to his usual tranquility...”
This picture of boarding in unreserved seat train (without the indication of the shelf or a place inside car) remained absolutely true even before we left the Soviet Union. (I remembered very well, for example, our boarding in the train Luga-Leningrad in 1970 when we returning back from summer vacation. Although the train was formed in Luga, a half of cars came to station closed for numerous passengers with explanation that these cars are reserved for child care facilities of Tolmachevo  and others stations on a way to Leningrad). A mess to which passengers were exposed, did not disturb the administration of railway, because railway officials always could get tickets with place number.
I brought these two fragments to show existence in this novel of two levels of humor: humor of the main object line (the hunting for brilliants) and humor of surrounding reality in which the main line is developing. However, I am certain that only lesser part of people reading the novel, understand it.

      In recent years the Soviet Union, in Khruschev's and Brezhnev's years this type of humor was implicit. (This type of humor was successfully used well-known comedians as Arcady Raikin and Mikhail Zhvanetsky) .Sometimes this implication was "password" on which you recognized a potential friend.
If in the new party someone says: “Carefully chewing food, you help to society”  or “Load oranges in barrels”, you immediately understand that this person quotes “Twelve chairs” or “A gold calf” and that you can easily find a  common language with him. Coming back to the main idea of this paragraph, it is possible to note that if such tiny nuance as the perception of humor, has hereditary roots, all traits of person’s psychology, such as kindness, rage, mathematical or linguistic abilities, love to animals, musical data and successes in sports competitions are coded in a genetic form in a little body and a brain of the roaring baby.
Whether these abilities will develop in the future, we cannot tell because it depends on many surrounding factors. But it is a subject of separate research.
2.

Let's us, dear reader, carry out a mental experiment. Let's assume that the certain extraterrestrial civilization, reached cultural and technological development of much higher level, than our civilization on Earth and wanted to study living conditions on our planet, including intellectual potential of her inhabitants. For this purpose this advanced civilization (we will call it a civilization X) established and equipped a base on the Moon as on the closest satellite of Earth and from short distance in four hundred thousand kilometers studies our Earth within 100 years. What will they see, and what will be their opinion about our planet and its inhabitants?
They, of course, will see majestic constructions of human hands of many generations: skyscrapers, the cities, the cultivated fields, airports and the spaceports, the ships of the different sizes and assignment, the impassable jungle and polar caps. They will see also pyramids of ancient Egypt, the Western wall in Jerusalem and religious shrines of many religions. They will understand that the science, knowledge and works of human mind pass from father to son by means of writing in different languages. So, saved-up scientific and other knowledge is not lost at deaths of a scientist, a writer or a thinker, but transferred to the following generations. They can understand fundamental value of books and their storages in libraries. They can understand even such emotional human qualities as love, the birth of children, care of posterity.
However, there is a set of qualities in our life, which for civilization X will be very difficult to understand.
The main thing from these characteristic of the Earth life will be the question: why people on Earth systematically kill each other?

2 world wars which have passed for the last hundred years, carried away lives of 50 million people. What sense is in these wars? After the First World War large states as Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were demolished and instead of them the new states with new borders were created, and many leaders of tribes became kings. In opinion of Germany the peace treaty was an unfair settlement, and soon this country started to prepare for new war. Russia became the victim of demagogues, tyrants and scoundrels and became a threat for all terrestrial civilization under cover of special religion: world communistic society. The Second World War, having finished Hitler’s Germany, created continuous threat for the Western civilization at first from the Soviet Union, and later from Russia.
 And Russia rejected also communism as an unnecessary rag, having proclaimed that this country represents all Russian people, irrespective of a place of their residence. More attentive studying of life of the Earth civilization will allow to find out that there are more than 100 religions of different shades. And the most interesting that all religions including even small sects consider only its own doctrine as absolutely correctly expressing will of God. All other doctrines, besides correct one, are heresy.
The most interesting fact that all these religious doctrines find their followers.

It is possible that researchers of Earth and its inhabitants, will come to a conclusion that for human on Earth the main thing - BELIEF. The belief takes root in childhood depending in what religious group children grow up. In children's unripe and absolutely noncritical minds rules and instructions of religion are placed. Later as far as brain is developing these rules and instructions turning  into BELIEF. Only small part of human beings can avoid such indoctrination. Separate cases of the independent brain development, of course, available, but these cases only confirm a rule. For any child it is Important to belong at the birth to a certain ethnic group, because the child genetics is also a part of this ethnic group.
In process of transformation of the child into the adult person his belief becomes leading principle of behavior. (Remember  the Palestinian terrorists who are from 3 years old inspired that Jews are their main enemies. They are said that outside of our life they will receive everything what they may dream about: 75 virgins and paradise life). Absurdity of promises is clear only to the conceiving person who in this situation simply cannot be brought up.
However, it is not necessary to think that only the religion is capable to create the illusory world. And in our terrestrial life there is no problems with deception of the population exist. It perfectly used by Committee of State Security (KGB) which operates Russia. KGB inspired Russian people with false image of the external state enemy as well as an internal enemies.
Now this paranoia in media and TV resulted in mass support of KGB rule. The Russian people are sure that America’s only goal is to destroy Russia. In this deception of the people the leading role, of course, belongs to the state television, radio and minor role  to newspapers and magazines because for the  reading some intellectual level is necessary, at least, ability to read. For the watching TV  no intellectual level needed .However ,a statement that mental type of Russian people is their total; obedience to the authorities is not absolutely correct. Here an example from another way of life.

Recall October 30 of 1938 when the television did not exist, and there was only a radio. Some American journalists decided to check reaction of an average American to the ridiculous message extended by radio. They wrote a play about disembarkation of Martians on Earth and played this play on radio. The majority of listeners believed in reality of the situation, many tried to run from a place of "landing" of Martians, roads were completely blocked by cars, the panic was terrible. And it in spite of the fact that in America there were many possibilities for checking  the reliability of this information.

Estimating these different situations, it is possible to conclude that Russian, of course, are more trustful to information proceeding from the authorities, than Americans. If to establish a trust scale to the state information as 1:10 where the 1-smallest trust, and the 10-greatest, Russian people will be somewhere at level 8-9, and Americans at level 2-3, Israelis would be on this scale at level 1. It defines that level of the people trust to the official advertisement depends directly on population psychology. By the way, Hitler in Germany for only seven years of the State control achieved absolute trust of Germans people.
So, it is quite possible to create illusion of terrible threat to the country, to the fatherland or to the State by a simple manipulation of the mass media.
It is a known method of deception of people which is used by KGB and any dictators, wishing to control the state till their death under the pretext of protection of the country against external enemies. Looking at the world map you see that all dictatorships (North Korea, Venezuela, Cuba, Zimbabwe, Russia and others) declare the main enemy - America. And it is in spite of the fact that America is engaged in the own business and is not intervened in these countries problems.

But there is, at least, one more reason of wars and destruction of people. This reason - the fast raise of birth-rates and as some scientists-sociologists assert, too large number of young men at the age from 15 to 29 years. These people are much more aggressive than people of other ages. In the situation where there is a reduction of requests for manual labor in connection with technological advances some leaders in this group appeal to masses to take away allegedly, incorrectly acquired wealth and property, and to divide it between supporters of youth movement.

I am sharing the views of German professor’s Gunnar Hainson  about  roles of suns in the terror development. He predicted that  later in our century Germany will become another  Moslem country.

 Absolutely not important, under what slogans this movement developing. It can be religious slogans, communistic or Marxist or nationalist fascist slogans. Important only that leaders of these movements willingly organize revolutions and wars. Will the representatives of a civilization X, observing terrestrial affairs from the Moon be able to distinguish the true reasons of violence and wars? They will understand that the psychological reasons of wars on Earth remain invariable, despite of technological achievements and advances. I believe that, possessing huge technological advantage in comparison with Earth as their lunar landing testifies, that they are in a condition to understand and decipher any riddles of our behavior on Earth.
And then there is another question: for what reason they appeared in our vicinity? I do not idealize aliens and, along with J. Wells and other fantasts, I think that their purpose is to release a suitable and comfortable planet for life from their present population, having occupied it by the civilization X.
It is necessary to bring a pessimistic result that our civilization is doomed to extinction in any case .The most probable  outcome is  that some president or the religious maniac will press the nuclear button or some aliens force out us from our house on Earth. I will be glad to be mistaken.
3. Recently I red again the book of memoirs written by Soviet writer and journalist Ilya Erenburg «Peoples, Years, Life». I paid special attention to the description of a meeting with Albert Einstein in America in 1946.

Einstein vividly was interested in the Soviet Union, he asked Erenburg, whether he met Stalin and especially noted, according to Erenburg , Lenin's high-moral character. In this description Erenburg can be trusted, because Einstein was sympathetic to the Soviet Union before .He signed appeals accusing the bourgeois press of slander regarding the Soviet Union. It is hard to say how one person combines genius mind in a science and complete misunderstanding of social reality.

 Nobody else, but Lenin turned a monarchy in Russia into the most cruel dictatorship of the small minority aspiring to the power. Nobody else, but Lenin completely liquidated the human rights in Russia, having replaced it with arbitrary executions. Nobody else, but Lenin created the first concentration camp for, so-called, the bourgeoisies. (Solovki). Nobody else, but Lenin, entered direct deception into practice of the relations with prisoners of war (I have in mind execution of tens of thousands of officers which fall in captivity of Red Army after destruction of White Army in year 1920  though they were promised officially life preservation) .Nobody else, but Lenin ordered the execution of an imperial family in 1918 in Yekaterinburg.
All these facts, of course, were known to Einstein simply because he lived outside of Russia, in the countries where freedom of mass media was normal part of life. But he preferred to select from an abundance of information only positive information about  the Soviet Union. How is possible to explain this? The ingenious scientist who has glanced far beyond knowledge of the Universe on the beginning of the 20th century, could not understand the false information of the Soviet power? But there is a nuance as Zhvanetsky (Russian comic writer) wrote. It is known that Soviet KGB included the special department, which recruited scientists of the West countries to stealing the secret scientific data.
Many years this department was headed by Sudoplatov, who

Issued his memoirs after long prison term. Sudoplatov wrote, that for a number of years the Soviet spy was connected to Albert Einstein. She officially was the wife of the sculptor Konnenkov. Her name is Margarita. Konnenkov with his wife were living in America since the twentieth. It needs to be said that Einstein's wife died early, and he was not indifferent to beautiful women. There were intimate relations between Albert and Margarita, and they sometimes traveled together. The purpose of these relations was to learn from Einstein secrets of a nuclear bomb because KGB believed wrongly that Einstein participates in its development.

After Margarita's death in the eighties the part of Einstein’s letters appeared in hands of her relatives. From these letters is obviously that Einstein treated Margarita with love.
It is hard to say, in what degree his love to Margarita was reflected in Einstein's relation to the Soviet Union and its leaders. However, it is known that in year 1945 family of Konnenkov was recalled by Stalin to Moscow where they were greeted by very warm reception. They were given the apartment at the center of Moscow and a workshop for the sculptor. It is obvious that, from Stalin point of view, Konnenkova carried out in the USA work ,which is useful to the Soviet Union.
EPILOGUE
I am not a clairvoyant. However, sometimes I foresee future events relatively correctly. The most correct foretell was done in the year 1979 when accordingly to my close  friend Mark Minz, I foresaw the disintegration of the Soviet Union. I expected this event would happened in years 1994-95. In real life it happened several years earlier. My predictions were not based on internal intuition or some exotic abilities. I simply analyzed details of the peoples social psychology, qualities of management and historical samples.
Therefore, I am trying to make some predictions now, at the end of  year 2015. Of course, I personally will not be able to verify correctness of these predictions. I hope that this verification will be done by my daughter or granddaughters.
1. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The existing situation, when Presidents of country are elected alternatively from Democratic or Republican party will not continue. Due to demographic changes in USA population the electorate of Democratic Party greatly increasing, because it includes people, who are getting social help and all those who hopes to get even more government help. Simultaneously, the number of people, who come to USA for hard work, is reducing significantly. It means, that slogans of Democratic Party about increasing taxes on rich people and increasing income of poor people will be very popular. It also means that next presidents will be elected from Democratic Party. By each election cycle this Party will move left from center, until its program became entirely socialistic. But this will not yet be the end of USA.
The end of USA will come when some President and his government declare the nationalization of banks and most of industries. By this way any private property in USA will lose any protection. Absolutely no hope that Supreme Court will protect rights of ordinary citizen. By this time the Supreme Court will consist of liberals and socialists, who will justify any President decision.

I do not exclude that some states of USA may declare itself as independent state, which may lead to new civil war.
2. RUSSIA
I am writing these lines at the time when Russia started military actions in Syria. Of course, these actions officially advertised as help to the Syria’s dictator Asad  in his fight with fanatics from Islamic Caliphate. But real Russia’s goal is to support president Asad in the fight against any of his enemies, including those, who are supported by the West. What would be the outcome of this fight?

Russia will be forced to withdraw their military support of president Asad  and withdraw their troops .

But this defeat will be presented by Russian media as a victory.

You cannot predict details of future events because in Russia main decisions are  taking by the dictator and nobody knows what will came in his mind to-morrow. However, I can foresee the tendencies in Russian politics in the years to come.

Here I would like to remind to my reader about  great Russian writer-satirist  of 19 century Saltykov-Shedrin (his best book, in my view is history of city Glupov).

Once Sltykov-Shedri  said: “If I asleep and will be wakened up at some day one hundreds years later and if I will be asked what Russian people are doing now, I would have ready answer. I would say “that they are stealing whatever possible and drink vodka.” This is, in general, true prediction.
Gradually, the Russian elite, who controls country now will be forced to leave stage and new elite will be formed. These new people also would like to become rich quickly. Therefore they improve conditions for private business, removing many restrictions and rules, which exist now. This will improve the economy, but simultaneously will call for more liberty in human rights, which is unacceptable for any dictatorship.

I believe that as I mention before , the nuclear blackmail would be very profitable for  future Russian elite.

It is important to underline one more detail. Russia is very rich country regarding its natural resources .Therefore at any signs of some liberalization western businessmen will try to make money by investing in Russian industries and service. By this way they are increasing the Russian militarism. It happened several times before our time. You do not need clairvoyance to understand that this behavior definitely will happened again.
3. ISRAEL
I believe that this country will meet its one hundred’s year anniversary in more prosperous conditions then it exist now. I think that Arab countries are mistaken about annihilation Israel by force. These countries must leave Israel alone. This way the Arabs will increase internal fights between Jewish people, which will help left and socialists parties come to power in Israel. The rule of these parties will help speed up destroying of Israel, therefore this rule is very advantageous to the Arabs.
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